Digital archive

網站典藏是一個新興的概念，主要是為了保留瞬息萬變且具文化歷史意涵的網站網頁，近幾年國外已經逐步發展且建立了一些網站典藏系統，然而對於國內的圖書館員來說，卻仍然是一個比較不熟悉的議題。臺灣大學圖書館關注網站典藏的發展已經有很長的一段時間，決定於2006年起著手研發網站典藏系統，期間雖然面臨不少的困難與挑戰，但是也發展了對應的策略。本文介紹國外的網站典藏計畫，再說明臺灣大學網站典藏系統的研發過程、實作細節、問題與困難，期盼分享網站典藏的技術與經驗，提供大家參考。

Web archiving is an emerging concept whose main purpose is to preserve web-sites of cultural or historical significance. In this paper, we describe the NTU Web Archiving System, NTUWAS, that was developed by the National Taiwan University Library and launched in 2006. In order to help readers not be familiar with web archiving, we give a brief survey of current web archiving activities in the world. We then describe the implementation and functionalities of NTUWAS, as well as the difficulties and problems that we encountered when carrying out this project.

機構典藏乃運用資訊科技將組織成員的學術產出以數位方式保存，進而達到
檢索與利用的目的，為現今重要學術傳播趨勢。本文首先探索企業管理中行銷概
念在機構典藏上的應用，說明市場行銷導向如何增進機構典藏效率的方法；其次
介紹國外三所同樣採用DSpace作為機構典藏系統之大學：堪薩斯大學、印第安那
大學－普渡大學、以及香港科技大學，三校所採行的方案及運作機制皆有值得參
酌之處；再者分享臺大機構典藏推廣經驗，及實際推展上所遭遇問題，並提供有
效解決方案，殆可供作國內相關機構擬著手展開機構典藏時之實作參考。

An institutional repository (IR) is responsible for preserving an academic institution’s research output in digital format in order to facilitate information access and utilization. This article explains how enterprise management strategies can be applied by an institutional repository in order to enhance its efficiency. This article also examines the implementation of DSapce, an IR system at Kansas University (KU), Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) and Hong Kong University of Science & Technology (HKUST). Furthermore, this article details the experiences of implementing the National Taiwan University’s own institutional repository, discussing the issues encountered and solutions employed during its development.

我國大學通識教育自民國73年發展迄今，在落實過程中常因缺乏通盤統整之通識教育規劃以及實務交流平台，導致在執行過程中流於閉門造車以及執行方向的失焦。自二次資訊革命之後，全球資訊網（World Wide Web）與資訊傳播科技（Information Communication Technology, ICT）的蓬勃發展，掀起了開放式教育資源運動的發展熱潮。以國際教科文組織為首的「開放式教育資源運動」以及以麻省理工學院為首的「開放式課程計畫」，在短短十年之間已經逐漸影響全世界的教育實踐方向。這一波潮流，不僅改變了教育機構政策面，也代表著人類近年來最大規模的專業知識分享運動。本文的目的，是希望揭櫫「教育部通識教育資源平台建構與永續發展計畫」建置之本土性通識教育開放式課程數位典藏平台—「全國通識網課程資料庫」（http://get.nccu.edu.tw:8080/getcdb/）的發展精神、建置過程及成果，闡明本研究如何整合臺灣通識教育資源以及參考近十年來國際性開放式教育資源平台發展經驗，成功建置具本土特色的通識教育開放式課程資料庫，並對於此一開放式課程平台的永續經營提出未來具體可行的永續經營與發展方向。

Ministry of Education in Taiwan has appropriated significant new funding for programs building general education database as part of open educational resources (OER) in Taiwan since 2008. This paper gives a brief survey on the development of open courseware and OER based on local and international paradigms and general education pedagogy to build a domestic OER platform. General education has dominated Taiwanese universities for over 50 years; however, educators lack an effective communications-sharing platform among schools, institutions and the government. The rise of the World Wide Web and Information Communication Technology (ICT) offers new opportunities to develop general education pedagogy in Taiwan. In 2002, “National Digital Archives Program” was initiated as the first national cultural digital preservation project; later in 2003, the “National Science and Technology Program for e-Learning” was launched as the next revolution in open knowledge sharing. This paper introduces the process of implementing the Course Database of General Education TW project net, as well as the problems with carrying out this platform. Finally, this paper also proposes several aspects required for sustaining the Course Database of General Education TW project net.