阮紹薇

因學術研究或興趣嗜好等不同動機而聚集的人們，透過電腦中介傳播(Computer Mediated Communication)媒體進行互動與聯繫、跨越時間及地理位置的阻隔，建立了與現實社群有別的「虛擬社群」(Virtual Community)。由於網際網路中成功的社群經營模式可以吸納臨界數量的成員並從中獲利，引起各類營利及非營利事業的對社群經營的重視。如為增加獲利能力而經營虛擬社群的網路服務提供者及電子商務企業，以及將現實與虛擬交融的公眾或營利的「社群網路」，發展獨特的社群經營策略。在圖書館界，「U S WEST」專門圖書館網站提出「知識分享」主張、維吉尼亞大學圖書館的「Electronic Text Center」將內容建置主權轉移給使用者等，為數位圖書館經營虛擬社群的創舉。本文探討網路文化中「虛擬社群」的特殊現象，並實例介紹經營虛擬社群的策略，盼圖書館界未來能將相關議題納入使用者研究及數位圖書館的建構藍圖中。

People with common interest or purpose, independent of geography and time, participate in computer-mediated social groups and create many kinds of virtual communities. Members can conduct commerce, exchange knowledge, share emotional support, or find friends in the virtual space. Since the population of virtual communities is growing fast, it provides good opportunities for e-commerce, real community development, and electronic libraries. This paper clarifies the concept and phenomena of virtual communities, and introduces operating strategies learned from some specific examples.

經濟緊縮時代，圖書館與圖書代理商關係的健全發展與維護，不但有助於圖書館採訪作業的推展，圖書館亦可整合代理商所提供的服務來滿足讀者的需求。本文除以文獻分析介紹一般圖書館與圖書代理商關係的相關議題，也提出企業界選擇與特定或少數供應商發展「合夥關係」(partnership)的模式，及網際網路工具的應用，對圖書館與圖書代理商關係之影響與未來發展。

Good relationship between libraries and their suppliers is considered a critical link in the library’s ability to deliver quality service to its users. Owing to the financial constaints of the libraries, effective vendor relationship may be more important today than in previous times. This article will review the historical library-monographic vendor relations, and explore the new trend in Internet era. Especially, business partnership and Internet technology offer a new model to libraries as a basis for a more effective relationship with the vendor and advance the benefit of the library users.

本文主要由網站典藏的重要性，介紹世界各國一些重點網站典藏計畫，在實務及學術討論方面的最新發展。其中，網站典藏計畫的策略可分為機構典藏和事件典藏二項重點。其中各計畫針對重大事件的網站典藏，更能彰顯網站典藏的重要性，其徵集內容不但是歷史的一手資料，亦成為典藏單位的館藏特色。超越傳統圖書館的徵集任務與館藏管理，網站典藏庫可提供為文化資產的長久的保存及可即性，提供未來世代研究網站發展、學術議題及歷史進程等重要的研究資源。

This paper reviews the significance and recent development of web archiving projects and includes a summary of the current state of web archiving in many countries. This paper focuses on NTUWAS as an example of an archive which combines approaches for acquiring information collections, and establishs institutional repository and eventsoriented web sites for future studies.