Vol.15 No.1

本研究旨在探討客家文化研究生之資訊尋求行為，研究對象為三校客家學院的學生。以深度訪談進行資料蒐集，並利用資訊視域之概念，邀請受訪者繪製個人資訊尋求過程，以瞭解客家文化研究生在學業情境中，資訊尋求的情形、資源的偏好以及影響資訊尋求的因素等。 本研究結果顯示，資訊尋求來自多種管道，首選資源超過一種。個人資訊視域會因不同狀況或人際因素產生改變，推薦型及聚焦型資源扮演資訊獲取之重要角色，個人對資訊認知會影響其資訊選擇與使用。

This study aims to explore the information seeking behaviors of graduate students for Hakka Studies. The research targets are graduate students from three Colleges of Hakka Studies. Depth interviews were employed in the research. This study applied the concept of information horizon. Therefore, the interviewees were requested to draw a map of their information horizon in research context in order to collect data about their information needs, their preferences for these resources and those factors which affect their information seeking behavior. The research result indicated that the search for information is carried out through various channels. There is more than one type of firstchoice resource. An individual’s information horizons might change due to different situations and interpersonal relationships. Recommendation or focus type resources play an important role in seeking information. Individuals with different information cognition might affect their information selection and use.

隨著網際網路的日益普及，線上資源也越來越豐富，要精準的為讀者找出有用的資訊，前提是必須能夠精準的分析網頁內容。日期是網頁Metadata中的重要欄位，由於臺灣在日期格式的書寫習慣，使得中文網頁的日期形式較為複雜，因而增加了自動著錄網頁創造（或修改）日期時的困難。本研究的主要目的是針對網頁日期部分做深入的分析研究，以便能夠更精確的利用中文網頁中的日期欄位進行檢索利用。 本研究以隨機抽樣方式來抓取繁體中文網頁，分析及統計樣本網頁中出現的日期格式，並使用正規表示式來自動抓取正確的網頁日期，最後計算出正確率。透過此研究可以了解在進行中文網頁日期欄位自動辨識時可能會遭遇到的困難，並評估自動擷取繁體中文網頁日期欄位的可行性。實驗結果顯示，有日期資料網頁的正確率約為61%，沒有日期資料網頁的部分約為62%。有日期資料網頁的平均誤差年約為0.62年，且83.4%的網頁能精準預測其年份（即誤差年為0），因此雖然本研究的成果尚未能完全取代人工，但若應用得宜仍然可以提高網

Online resources have become more plentiful nowadays, thanks to the popularization of Internet services. In order to achieve accurate search results for the users, it is necessary to analyze web pages precisely. ‘Date’ is one of the most important fields of metadata in web pages. Due to the special date displaying formats using in Taiwan, it has made the automatic cataloging on date for webpage more difficult. The major purpose of this research is to thoroughly analyze different types of date displaying formats applied to Chinese web pages. These findings will be used to increase the precision on the date auto extraction of web pages. The procedures of experiment are as follows. Firstly, samples were randomly selected from Internet. Secondly, the statistic analysis on the date displaying format of each web pages was conducted. Lastly, Regular Expression was used to abstract the dates of each web page, while the accuracy ratio was also calculated. The difficulties and feasibility of auto date extraction are discussed in the end of this work. The results of the experiment suggest the accuracy ratio of web pages with date information is 61%. On the other hand, the accuracy ratio of web pages without date information is 62%. The average error of those web pages with date information is 0.62 year. The results of this research suggest that the auto date extraction mechanism can be used to improve the efficiency on webpage information retrieval.

宏觀鑑定自1990年代開始發展，迄今已有加拿大、荷蘭、澳洲、紐西蘭等國採行，可知此種鑑定方法已受到國際上重視。本文以宏觀鑑定適用於國內中央政府層級機關為探討重點，並以行政院之下的教育部為例。首先透過文獻分析，了解加拿大與澳洲實施宏觀鑑定的情況，並採用訪談法與焦點團體法，邀集學者專家與中央層級政府機關檔案管理人員，共同討論宏觀鑑定在臺灣政府機關實施之可行性與問題。

The macroappraisal approach has been developed since 1990. So far, several countries have adopted this method, such as Canada, Netherland, Australia, New Zealand, etc. This paper focuses on macroappraisal in the governmental institution, with special reference to the Ministry of Education of Taiwan as an example. It starts with a literature review, which shows the implementation of macroappraisal approaches in Canada and Australia. This is followed by interviews with scholars and staff of governmental archives, using the focus group approach as the research method. The interviews will be discussed to evaluate the extent to which acroappraisal is applicable in Taiwanese governmental agencies, as well as potential problems.

虛擬參考服務在國外已經實行多年，國內各圖書館也利用不同的形式，努力 提供同步或非同步的線上參考服務，目前仍以非同步線上參考服務為多，有幾個 圖書館利用同步聊天室或現場錄影型態，但都尚未普及。觀察國外圖書館不僅提 供同步線上參考服務，並且有虛擬參考服務聯盟，可能是因為有QuestionPoint系 統作為系統的基礎，並且館員利用各種教育訓練的機會，建構必要的知能，尤其 國際圖書館聯盟和美國圖書館協會在21世紀的初期都開始各自制訂虛擬參考服務 綱領和虛擬參考服務標準，作為虛擬參考服務館員的工作指引。本研究希望藉由 虛擬參考服務指引和文獻，剖析虛擬參考服務館員有哪些必要的知能，並設計合 適的課程以培訓新時代的虛擬參考服務館員。本研究主要探討的研究問題包括： 虛擬參考服務培訓課程應包含哪些項目？如何進行？這樣的虛擬參考服務培訓課 程是否有助於之後館員進行虛擬參考服務？研究方法包括：課程需求分析、培訓 課程設計、培訓課程實踐、志願館員培訓日誌文本分析。本研究結果支持遠距線 上同步培訓課程的有用性，並建議未來虛擬參考服務館員需要一套特別的知識和 技能，包括虛擬參考服務系統使用，以及專業言談等技能。

Virtual reference service has become an important issue since the beginning of the 21st century. Both IFLA and ALA have announced guidelines and standards for virtual reference services. Virtual reference service is popular in the west, but only a few libraries offer virtual reference service in Taiwan. The availability of virtual reference service is due largely to the system, e.g., QuestionPoint, and well-trained virtual reference librarians. This study attempts to delineate the necessity of knowledge and skills for the virtual reference librarians, how to design the training courses to fulfill the purposes, and whether training program meets the need. The methodology includes need assessment, course design, training session, real virtual reference service sessions, and post-service interviews. The research results support the usefulness of the training program and suggest that future virtual reference librarians need a set of specific skills, including system use and professional delivery techniques.

數位學習時代的來臨對圖書館而言，到底是好或壞？是危機或轉機？是機會或威脅？就要看各個圖書館如何看待這個數位學習時代的來臨，是勇敢的想策略來面對這個新環境，亦或消極的拒絕面對，其實不同的態度足以決定各個圖書館未來在學校生存與發展的機會。技專校院圖書館在這個數位學習如火如荼的被討論與推動的環境中，到底該如何因應、如何思考策略、如何改變?等問題，相信一直困擾著不少技專校院的圖書館同道。 為了提供技專校院圖書館一些具體的建議，本研究透過問卷調查與訪談方法達到下列幾項目的：(一)瞭解國內技專校院圖書館在數位學習環境中的服務現況與看法；(二)探討國內技專校院圖書館在數位學習環境中與校內其他單位間的關係與角色定位；(三)瞭解國內技專校院圖書館在數位學習環境中面臨的挑戰與未來的發展策略。

The rise of e-learning has led to a full-scale change in higher education in the past decade. Is it a crisis or opportunity for university and college libraries in an era of e-learning? Actually, the attitude of the library staff will be the key factor to decide whether the library can survive well or not. If the library staff can bravely face the challenges, they will probably have an opportunity to make a change and survive better. On the contrary, if the library staff cannot cope with the challenges and uses lack of manpower or budget constraints as excuses, they will probably be eliminated in a new era of e-learning. How do technical university and college libraries deal with the e-learning environment? What strategies should the library staff carry out to cope with new situations? And what actions should the library staff take? In order to answer these questions, questionnaire surveys and in-depth interviews were conducted in this study to achieve the following purposes: (1) To understand the current status and the development of services in local technical university and college libraries; (2) to explore the role of these technical university and college libraries in an e-learning environment, and define their relationships with other academic departments and administrative divisions in schools; and (3) to describe the challenges faced by the library staff and future development strategies created by the library staff in these technical university and colleges.

為了改善數位資源存取管理問題，美國Internet2發展的Shibboleth存取管理系統，已漸漸被很多已開發國家使用。Shibboleth是一個依據標準的開放源碼套裝軟體，提供機關內或跨機關間的網頁單一登入（Single Sign-On，簡稱SSO）及屬性交換的架構，容許網站對個人存取線上數位資源時，使用單一以及機關所控制的辨識方法，並且以保護隱私的方式作確認性的授權決定， 讓使用者無接縫的存取機關內部與外部的資源，減少現行使用者在使用不同領域的多種資源時，必須局限在一個校園或要去維護多個密碼；並且為身分提供者及服務提供者簡化了身分管理及存取許可。本研究分析比較英國、美國、澳洲、以及瑞士四個國家的聯盟組織以及採用的技術與政策，進而分析探討就規劃臺灣的數位資源存取管理聯盟提出建議。

In order to solve the electronic access problems, Shibboleth has been developed by Internet2 in U.S.A., and has become an emerging solution for access management of electronic resources in a growing number of developed countries. The Shibboleth system is a standard based, open source software package for web Single Sign-On (SSO) across or within organizational boundaries. It allows sites to make informed authorization decisions for individual access of protected online resources in a privacy-preserving manner, for Identify Providers (IdPs) and Service Providers (SPs) simplify identity management and access permission. This study compares the organization structures, technologies and policies adopted by four federations: InCommon (USA), UK Federation, Australian Federation, and SWITCHaai (Switzerland). The comparison leads to further analysis and suggestion for a federation system model for future development of digital archives in Taiwan.

本研究主要是探討在語意網架構下建構一個推論平台的流程。藉著一個在文化遺產領域已成為國際標準的CIDOC CRM知識本體（ISO21127），我們將影像作品詮釋資料的詮釋性知識與影像作品文字描述的概念性知識，作語意上的知識整合。 目的是為了探索在異質性影像資料庫之間的隱性知識。本研究在影像資料庫知識探索的經驗與結果顯示，應用語意網常用的工具軟體所建構的推論平台，是可實際應用在現實生活異質性影像資料庫的整合。

This study presents core processes for developing an inference platform under the Semantic Web architecture to discover implicit knowledge dispersed among heterogeneous image archives. By using a well-designed core ontology in the cultural domain (CIDOC CRM, ISO21127), we semantically integrated real-life image archives with both administrative-level metadata and conceptual-level event knowledge described in free-texts. We discuss the need for a robust inference platform for real-life knowledge discovery and integration among heterogeneous image archives. Experimental results indicate the approach can be implemented in real-life applications.

隨著政府資訊電子化的腳步，政府機關文件管理必須考量包含電子郵件之各種型式電子文件管理議題。電子郵件已被普遍用於各項政務訊息的傳達，亦不乏具行政稽憑價值之資訊，但目前各政府機關尚未將電子郵件納入機關文件管理體系。 有鑑於此，本文將探討機關電子郵件管理的必要性與相關議題，說明機關電子郵件管理的原則與措施，並歸納電子郵件管理系統基本需求，提供國內未來制度規劃之參考。

As government information is increasingly created and stored electronically, records management has had to take into account the creation of records in a variety of electronic formats, including e-mail messages. E-mail is an important communication tool for conducting government business. Increasingly, government agencies use e-mail to support various aspects of government operations, but e-mail has not been housed and managed by any record keeping system in government offices. In this paper, the importance and core issues of e-mail management will be discussed and the guidelines and procedures of email management will be proposed for the reference of government agencies.