Vol.2 No.3

資訊科技的進步及網路的發達，使得資訊傳播的速度與影響力，與日俱增，圖書館向來以蒐集、組織、保存人類思想、言行記錄的文化結晶為重大責任，而隨著資訊科技的進步，資訊與教育的關係更加密切，由於教育的形式改變，對於教育所必需的資訊服務，也會產生更具革命性與彈性的要求，而新的數位科技最令人興奮的事之一，就是增加了人類的知識權利?註??，數位圖書館於是應運而生，而兒童是國家的棟樑，提供一個優良的閱讀環境及獨立的閱讀空間，是兒童應享受的福利，因此積極發展兒童數位圖書館成為兒童教育及終身學習一項重要的工作。

development of information technology and the Internet, the speed and influence of information communication are on the increase. Library has always played an important role in collecting, organizing, recording, and preserving human thoughts, languages, behavior and culture. The relationship of information and education is getting closer as a result of the development of information technology . This change of education style, as a result generates a strong and revolutionary need for educational information service. One of the most exciting results of the new digital technology is the increase of the access to knowledge, leading to the generation of digital libraries. Children are the future of a country. Digital libraries for children will provide a better learning and reading environment for their education.

本文以台灣網路資訊中心(TWNIC)、教育部電算中心和蕃薯藤所搜集的台灣使用網際網路之統計資料驗證「新事物散播」(Diffusion of Innovation)理論。新事物散播是新事物或新觀念透過傳播管道，在某個社會環境裡尋求社會成員接受的一種過程，通常需要一段相當長的適應時間。結果顯示，台灣網際網路之成長與使用，符合新事物傳播理論的兩個通則，就是網路之成長速率呈S形，以及早期採用者的社經地位較高。

This paper is an application of the theory of “Diffusion of Innovation” to the statistical data gathered by Taiwan Network Information Center, the Ministry of Education Computer Center and Yam Search Engine. The term “Diffusion” is defined as the acceptance of a new innovation through certain channels over a period of time by certain social groups. The growth and use of the Internet in Taiwan coincides with this theory in two aspects, namely, the S-shaped curve of the growth of the Internet and the higher socio-economic status of its users.

本研究採用引用文獻分析探討1992年至1997年「教學科技與媒體」期刊 所發表的視聽教育論文，經由該期刊所得之論文 179篇，引用文獻3162篇的分析，結果顯示：引用文獻以英文資料最多；最常被引用的資料類型是期刊與圖書；超過50%的引用資料年代為近六年資料；最常被引用的中、英文作者是朱則剛及 Richard E. Clark；Educational Technology及「教學科技與媒體」是最常引用的中、英文期刊。

This study used citation analysis to investigate the nature of the papers published in the periodical “Instructional Technology and Media Journal” from1992 to 1997. A total of 3,162 references selected from 179 papers reveal the fact that more than 75% of the citations are English literatures. The vast majority of cited materials are from periodicals(40.23%) and books (39.82%) published in the last six years. The most highly cited Chinese and English authors are ClarenceTsa-kang Chu and Richard. E. Clark, and “Educational Technology" and " Institutional Technology and Media" are the most frequently cited English and Chinese periodicals.

本文旨在探討檢索詞彙之來源與接續詞彙的演變情形。研究共計有效檢索者37人進行40次檢索，產生411個檢索詞彙。研究發現，檢索者最常使用的詞彙來源是檢索互動來源，其次是書面問題陳述來源，而最不常被使用的檢索詞彙來源則是瀏覽檢出文獻來源。研究結果顯示，各詞彙來源與接續詞彙來源間之關係並非各自獨立，而是相互影響的，尤其是前後兩詞彙傾向選用同一來源；若前後為不同詞彙來源時，則檢索互動來源為接續詞彙之主要來源。本研究冀望藉由研究實際檢索過程，瞭解檢索詞彙來源與接續詞彙的演變情形，以增進資訊檢索系統對檢索者認知決策過程的瞭解，進而作為設計檢索中介系統之參考。

This paper is a study of the sources of search terms. 411 terms emerged as a result of 40 searches from 37 samples. The user interaction source provided the largest proportion of search terms （51.8%）, followed by question statement source. Only 4.2% of search terms are the result of browsing retrieved items. An analysis of sequences of selected search terms indicates attended to come from the preceding source. When we consider different source to different source relationships in their own, user interaction is high likely the source of search terms.

傳統的資訊需求與使用研究以系統為導向，忽略了情境因素，使得這方面的許多研究結果對後續的研究並沒有太大的助益。本文試著從資訊與資訊需求的定義及過去研究所產生的問題來探討資訊需求與使用行為，並提出未來研究方向之建議。

This study attempts to understand the trends in researching the need and use of information from the definition of information and the need of information. Problems that have arisen from pass research will be discussed. This study will also try to propose an user-oriented research as the main trend in the further.

本研究主要目的是希望透過實證研究方法，了解國內人文及社會學科讀者線上公用目錄主題檢索之情形，包括其使用之檢索詞彙形式及特色、與主題標目符合之比例、以及獲得相關資料情形。期盼研究結果能提供國內改善線上公用目錄主題檢索功能，以及發展人文及社會學科線上索引或主題索引設計之參考。

The purpose of this positivistic study is to understand the on-line use of OPAC subject searching, the characteristics of search terms, the correlation between these terms and the subject heading and the relevance of materials acquired among readers of humanists and social scientists. It is hoped that this study will help to improve the function and design of OPAC subject retrieval as well as to develop the on-line thesaurus and subject index in these fields in Taiwan.

資訊為何要被組織？最主要的目的是為滿足相關使用需求。使用者有不同層級之資訊需求﹐如：檢索需求﹑管理需求﹑保存需求等。不同的資訊亦有不同的文獻特質﹐如地理資訊﹑博物館資訊﹑科技文獻﹑文學創作﹑音樂作品等﹐均各有其不同之文獻結構﹑媒體特性﹑使用習性﹐是以當我們在做資訊組織時﹐應從使用需求與文獻特質二個角度思考適合的組織方法。本文試從此一觀點﹐分析圖書館資訊組織模式之使用需求與文獻特質﹐並歸納出一些想法供圖書資訊界未來規畫之參考。

The main purpose for organizing information according to retrieval, management, preservation is to accommodate the various needs of the users. The structure of documentation, media characteristics and user's behavior also determine the organization of information. Hence an analysis of the organization model of libraries will provide some suggestions for the library community.

全文資訊檢索研究已經成為一個跨學域的研究問題，但是過去學者缺乏對於研究架構的討論，面對快速變遷的環境，新的研究議題與挑戰更多、更複雜。本文嘗試釐清全文資訊檢索研究問題的本質，並提出一個研究架構雛形，討論相關的研究範疇與理論基礎，並檢視重要的研究發展趨勢，指引中文全文資訊檢索研究的重要議題。

Full text information retrieval becoms the focus of interest in the area of interdisciplinary studies. This paper attempts to clarify some basic questions concerning the full text information retrieval as well as the scope of theory and related research.