Vol.3 No.1

由於讀者與館員之間的認知、價值觀常有差距，彼此溝通與了解的不足，加上種種的外在背景因素，導致實際參考服務過程中經常存在某些外在的、潛在的，來自讀者、館員，甚至來自圖書館本身的「衝突」。衝突並不全是負面的，圖書館如何面對並妥善因應衝突，如何有效地處理衝突，如何化衝突為圖書館革新的推力，是吾人應當深思的問題。本文即以圖書館參考服務中讀者與館員之間的衝突相關議題進行探討。

This article contributes to a theme issue on conflicts issues in librarianship, especially for reference librarians. It's difficult in decision making for library reference services, due to many inevitable reasons, such as, ethics, value-based or code-based rule approach, privacy, censorship and human communication. This article identifies the three dominant factors to the study of conflicts issues for reference librarians, moral, communication and organization, and discusses how to help us clarifies the real conflicts at issue and opens the way to decision making.

在人類文化史上，「圖像」一直扮演相當重要的角色，而網路與多媒體技術的革新，更為圖像資訊的利用掀起高潮。雖然圖像資訊的表現形式已隨科技進步日漸豐富，但圖書館在圖像資訊之描述與分析方面卻仍未有突破。在網路充斥著大量多元的圖像資訊時，圖書館界實有必要針對「如何有效描述並分析圖像資訊」的議題加以探討，增加使用者檢索、利用的機會。本文將先就圖像資訊所包含的範圍說明其種類與特色；其次探討圖像資訊的實體描述與主題分析，進而為圖書館在圖像資訊的整理上提供一個思考方向。

In human cultural history, “image” has been playing a very important role. Nowadays, the innovating of Internet and multi-media techniques leads the use of images to a new era. The performance of images becomes more and more diverse with the progress in technology, but the description and analysis of them is quite insufficient. Librarians have to pay more attention to the issue on “how to effectively describe and analyze images” to help users retrieval. In this article, the author first clarifies the categories and characteristics of images and then discusses physical description and the subject analysis. In conclusion, this report provides a view of image organization to the libraries.

本文將依發展的時間順序介紹三種值得電子圖書館領域注意的電子文件格式：標準通用標示語言（Standard Generalized Markup Language；簡稱SGML）、超文件標示語言（Hypertext Markup Language；簡稱HTML）與最新崛起的可擴展標示語言（Extensible Markup Language，簡稱XML），並作簡單的比較。

This article is to introduce three formats of electronic document in order of development which are worth watching closely by digital library community. They are SGML(Standard Generalized Markup Language), HTML(Hypertext Markup Language) and XML(Extensible Markup Language), which is the new markup wave. Then have a simple comparison of them.

本文主要之目的，在說明metadata與Z39.50之內涵、探討metadata與Z39.50的關係，以及如何以Z39.50相關標籤集(TagSet-M, TagSet-G)及MICI TagSet ，來設計MICI Z39.50 Profile，以便能跨領域查詢及交換記錄。

The purpose of this article is two-folds: (1) to study the meanings of metadata and Z39.50 and their relationship, (2) to explain how to develop MICI Z39.50 Profile with Z39.50 TagSet-M, TagSet-G and MICI TagSet aiming to exchange records among cross-domain metadata.

電子期刊發展至今已有10多年的歷史，這兩年更由於網路電子期刊的興起引起了廣泛的注意。電子期刊的發展雖已有相當的歷史，但在處理上仍有許多議題值得思考。本文將就網路電子期刊編目的相關議題進行探討。

The electronic serials have been developed over 10 years now and the network electronic serials have drawn lots of attentions. There are still many aspects of the cataloging of electronic serials have not had standard practice. This article will discuss some of the issues in network electronic serials cataloging.

為精簡政府組織、提高行政效率，並提供民眾便利、精確的檢索機制，美國發展政府資訊指引服務。本文旨在探討美國政府資訊指引服務的發展成因及詮釋資料，以做為我國發展政府資訊指引服務之啟示。

In order to downsizing government organization and promoting administrative effectiveness, and providing convenient, specific retrieval organism for people, United States government develop Government Information Locator Service (GILS). This paper discusses the development and metadata of GILS and then provide some suggestions for the future studies in this field.

網際網路已在全球蔚為風尚，然而，內涵品質卻良莠不齊。為了提升網際網路的優質文化，博物館將其典藏品數位化，並放置於網路中供人取閱瀏覽是相當必要的。本文旨在探討博物館典藏品的種類與特質、並說明目前國內外為博物館藏品數位化制訂詮釋資料的發展，以供本國博物館界制訂詮釋資料時做為參考。

Internet has become a worldwide trend; however, quality of contents varies greatly. In an effort to enhance and improve the web contents, it is very important to digitize museum collections. This paper discusses the types and attributes of museum collections, and the development of metadata for digital museum collections, thus to provide some reference for Taiwan’s museum community in formulating its metadata.

資訊檢索研究的目的在解決人類對於資訊的需求。然而，隨著不同資訊型態的出現，資訊檢索的技術亦逐漸多樣化，以適應各種型態的資訊。本文說明透過元資料進行檢索，可以適用於各種型態的資訊，故可稱之為資訊檢索核心技術。作者並探討三種不同層次的元資料：靜態權威元資料、動態權威元資料、個人化元資料，及其可能的應用方式。

The purpose of researches for information retrieval is to fulfill the information need. The various techniques for information retrieval are proposed to adapt to the diversified information types. This paper manages to deliberate the importance of metadata and suggests that information retrieval via metadata be applied to various types of information. From this viewpoint, the technique of information retrieval via metadata could be regarded as the core technique. In addition, the author also discusses three levels of metadata: statically authority-controlled metadata, dynamically authority-controlled metadata, and user-oriented metadata.