Vol.6 No.2

遠距教育改變了高等教育的形態，遠距學習者在茫茫網路大海中探索，亟需圖書館服務。但受限於網路環境與學習型態，圖書館對於遠端使用者很難提供與對校園師生相同服務。因此，美國學院與研究圖書館學會(ACRL)多年倡導遠距學習圖書館服務的觀念，屢次研訂相關指南，以及進行全國大學圖書館遠距學習服務調查。本文旨在研究美國大學遠距學習圖書館服務的理念與經營；首先，探討大學遠距教育的發展，並瞭解遠距學習社群的特色與需求；其次，析述遠距學習圖書館服務的意涵與要件；復次，以美國三所大學圖書館個案說明遠距學習圖書館服務模式。最後，他山之石可攻錯，藉重美國遠距學習圖書館服務成果對我國未來發展提出建言。

Distance education has been a major force in shaping higher education. As distance learners need strong learner support systems outside classroom time, the methods of providing two-way communication such as counselling, coaching, and library services have been developed. This article mainly discusses the development of distance learning library services of higher education in the U.S.A. It studies the philosophy and components of the distance learning library services with a detailed introduction of ACRL's Guidelines. Finally, it reviews the current status of distance learning services in American universities libraries as well as three case studies with detailed descriptions.

本研究的目的是分析教學科技領域在1990年1月至1999年12月的十年間在國內期刊所發表的視聽教育與教學科技文獻，所根據的是由國家圖書館的中華民國期刊論文索引所收錄的期刊為限，依據選定的關鍵字由其資料庫中查山1237筆文獻資料，再根據既定的原則予以篩選，最後收錄於本研究的論文共計853篇。 研究者發現由中國視聽教育學會所出版的教學科技與媒體及視聽教育雙月刊這兩份刊物的文章為最多，各有237篇及171篇。其他刊載較多視聽教育與教學科技的文章之期刊則有遠距教育、隔空教育論叢、資訊與教育與教育資料與圖書館學等。 所發表的論文主題以隔空教育﹝含遠距教學與空中教學﹞相關的文章最多，其次則以教學設計與發展相關主題的文章最多，在此類主題中又以課程發展或產品的文章最多。此外，討論媒體應用與現況的文獻亦不在少數。

This research paper analyzes instructional technology papers published in Taiwan journals between 1990 and 1999. Based on the Journal Article database of National Library 251 journals were included. The researchers used keywords such as instructional technology, instructional design, instructional resources, instructional media, CAI, audiovisual instruction, distance education to search for related articles. A total of 1237 articles came out of the database search, and after reviewing with the pre-set criteria, 852 articles are included in the final analysis. It is noted that Journal of Instructional Technology and Media and Audiovisual Education Bimonthly are the two major journals that publish instructional technology papers. Major themes include distance education and instructional design and development.

以網路進行各種型式的教學日益普遍，網路在教學的應用上得以擴展。利用網路提供圖書資利用知識也逐漸的為許多圖書館使用。網路化教學可以突破時空的限制，達到教學的目的，而且也可以補足傳統面對面教學的不足。透過網際網路溝通的功能，例如：電子郵件、電子佈告欄、討論區、線上交談等功能，不但可以加速教學，而且能夠提供學生新型態的學習途徑，讓學生藉由網路，達成必要的學習互動，並增進資訊的交換與學習。 網路化學習固然使得學生、教師、館員之間的互動更具彈性，且不受時間與空間的限制，但在推廣與實施上仍然具有一些潛在的問題值得深入探討。本文的目的即在於藉由一大學網路化圖書資訊利用教學系統的開發與應用，討論網路化學習對於資訊素養推廣的潛力，以及在推廣上的瓶頸。

With the increased popularity of WWW (World Wide Web) in various education settings, the application of web technology in teaching and learning is extended. Library instruction, likewise, is seeing a move to the web to supplement traditional modes of face-to-face classroom instruction. Placing library instruction on the web can make instruction available to users without the constraints of time and space. Through the use of technological tools, such as e-mail, bulletin board, discussion, and online-communication, effective learning and interaction can be achieved.Web-based learning provides a flexible way for communication among teachers, students, and librarians. However, potential problems exist in practice, requiring further exploration. The paper deals with how a web-based library instruction has been developed and implemented for offering fundamental information literacy instruction. Students' responses to the instructional materials were assessed. Issues related to the web-based library instruction are also discussed.