Vol.10 No.2

「可用性評估」是評估使用者對於系統界面之效能、效率、滿意度三大面向之綜合滿意度，當系統入口網站界面之設計及建置完成後，則必須進行評估，以瞭解使用者的期望和系統網站界面實際運作之落差情況。無論是選用何種評估方法，其目的都是希望從評估結果能提供對系統設計的回饋，並收集使用者對於系統界面及服務的觀點資料，以提供進一步修正系統界面的依據。本文介紹「可用性評估」之發展及模式，再針對臺灣地區各典藏機構所建置之數位典藏系統入口網站界面，提出可用性評估之模式雛型，最後並提出結論及建議。

"Usability Evaluation" is to assess the comprehensive satisfaction of the user interface, including the three facets of effect , efficiency and satisfaction.The system website interface must be evaluated in order to understand the expectation of users and operation divide of the system network interface after the design and construction.No matter what kind of evaluation method, the goal of evaluative outcome is to provide the feedback of system design, and to gather the user point of view about system interface and service.This article will introduce the development and model of the usability evaluation, and suggest the model of usability evaluation in connection with digital archive system website interface in Taiwan.Finally, some conclusion and suggestion will be given for the digital archive institutions.

期刊報紙的發刊型態有其特殊性，包括連續發刊、發行迅速等，就圖書館而言，缺期不易增補、報刊紙質不佳、典藏空間有限、利用率太高、破損情況嚴重等問題，都是極為嚴重的挑戰。根據國家圖書館的入館讀者需求統計分析，入館讀者以學生族群為最多，入館需求的資料類型也以中文期刊為最多，因此，館藏中文期刊與報紙是利用率極高的資料型態。然而紙張酸化脆化加上長期流通複印以及保存不易等各種狀況，都促使圖書館必須嚴肅面對報刊長久典藏的課題。
國家圖書館約在1996年開始著手館藏報刊的影像數位化工作，但因限於經費，無法快速進展，2001年起以「國家圖書館期刊報紙典藏數位化計畫」參與了行政院國科會主導之國家典藏數位化計畫，2002年起並持續獲得加入數位典藏國家型科技計畫的支援，已有豐富的成果，本文就國圖在報刊數位化的經驗，包括規劃、執行策略、數位流程及後續的加值應用等議題，提出討論。

Periodicals and newspapers are characterized by providing continuing and prompt services. The critical challenges facing a library in serial collections include the difficulty in claiming, unsatisfactory paper quality, limited storage space and the damages on high usage. The user statistics of the National Central Library (NCL) shows that most of the library patrons are college and graduate school students who use periodicals and newspapers frequently. Thus periodicals and newspapers have always been highly used in the NCL. The damage of serially issued materials caused by frequently copying, aging and acidification forces the NCL to take long-term preservation of periodicals and newspapers into serious consideration.
The NCL started digitization of serial collection since 1996 but saw limited results due to budget problem. In 2001 the Library launched the "Periodical and Newspaper Digital Archive Project" (NDAP) to participate in the "National Digital Archives Program" sponsored by the National Science Council. With continuing financial support from NDAP, the NCL has made enormous achievements in serial materials digital archiving. This article is to describe the NCL's experiences in periodical and newspaper digitization including planning, strategies, digitization processes and issues related to further application of digital archives.

本文針對傳播資料的概念特性與結構特質，探討純文字、動態影像、靜態影像與聲音等四大類型傳播資料 metadata 之建置。一般常使用的都柏林核心集（Dublin Core），所運用的十五項 metadata 欄位，乃針對廣泛適用的資料所設計，雖然涵蓋項目多、流通廣泛，但其欄位卻無法滿足動態性與複雜性高的傳播媒體資料內涵。本文針對傳播媒體資料特性，提出建置 metadata 的考量因素。就基本概念的部分而言，本文說明傳播資料的複雜性、聚合性、即時性、連續性、互文性、超文本特性與多義性。其次，本文亦從資料結構特質的角度，針對傳播領域中的報紙新聞（純文字）、電影紀錄片（動態影像）、報紙新聞版面（靜態影像）與廣播（聲音）等 metadata 的建置，援引案例進行討論、並提出不同類型傳播資料可考慮建置之欄位，以捕捉傳播資料的特質。

This paper discusses the fundamental concepts and structures of communication data in terms of the metadata format of the following four types: text, motion images, still images and sound. Due to Dublin Core's lack of account on the dynamic aspects of media and communication data, an analysis of the nature of communication data is proposed. Seven characteristics of fundamental concepts are discussed: complexity, convergence, spontaneity, continuity, intertextuality, hypertextuality and polygamy. Accompanied by examples, each of the above mentioned data type is also explained in terms of the considering factors of metadata format of each of media types.

交通大學圖書館歷年來參與數位典藏國家型計畫，在典藏品的數位化上已頗具規模。在典藏品數位化之後，下一步便是需要思考如何利用數位典藏發展人文與社會、產業與經濟等方面的應用，而本文即為將交通大學圖書館所建置的劉興欽數位典藏應用於創意學習。本文重點有二，首先介紹交通大學圖書館所設計之「劉興欽創意館」；繼而闡述筆者以交通大學圖書館所典藏之劉興欽專利發明品為加值對象，將劉興欽專利品的發明過程，以創造性問題解決模式加以分析，並實際製作符合創造性問題解決模式、以低學齡孩童為對象的多媒體創意學習教材。

The Library of National Chiao Tung University (NCTU Library) has been participating in the "National Digital Archives Program, Taiwan" (NDAP, Taiwan) for several years, and many valuable cultural assets have been digitalized. The next step of the NCTU Library lies in exploiting these digitalized cultural assets in value-added applications, and this article describes one possible application in creative learning. This article has two focuses, the first is to introduce the digital archives of Liu Hsing-Chin's comics and patents. The next incorporates the concept of Creative Problem Solving (CPS) into creative learning. CPS is employed to analyze the entire process of Liu Hsing-Chin's scientific inventions in a step-by-step manner. According to the analysis results, a set of game-based educational materials is designed. In addition, this article analyzes the Creativity Assessment Packet developed by Williams, and uses its key idea to design an on-line evaluation system.

本文運用臺灣大學「臺灣文獻文物典藏數位化計畫」建置的資料庫，就臺灣古拓本與《淡新檔案》中的特定案例，進行相互參照的研究。臺灣大學圖書館典藏豐富，其中的古碑拓本涵蓋行政、建設、宗教、民俗等主題，資料型式為單件；《淡新檔案》為清代北臺灣的淡水廳、臺北府及新竹縣的地方行政及司法文書，資料型式為多份單件構成一個案件。該批此二種不同來源之史料產生時空環境相近，二者為研究上的相輔相成素材。然因拓本資料原件尺寸偏大，不便利用；而《淡新檔案》數量龐大，僅利用複製紙本或微縮資料，亦不易找出特定事件之相關案件。臺灣大學圖書館將此二種資料典藏數位化並建置資料庫之後，透過於資料庫中的搜尋，很容易可以比對出各資料群中關於相同事件之史料，而促成參照利用不同的史料進行研究之可能。本文擇一臺灣古碑拓本的「嚴禁自盡圖賴碑記」之例，透過整理《淡新檔案》中的相關公文案卷，重建當時臺灣地方政府的行政程序，並探討「自盡圖賴」事件背後所反映的社會意義。作者進一步為臺灣古碑拓本與《淡新檔案》等二種清季臺灣文獻，勾勒參照性比對研究的其他可能，將臺灣大學典藏的古碑拓本，逐一對照《淡新檔案》可能相關的類目，載於文末附錄，以供研究者參考。

This research was conducted by using the database established under the Digital Archives Project on Taiwan Historical Collections of National Taiwan University. The authors took a special case "Forbidden of Suicide in Fraud of Others" which appeared in both the Taiwan University's rubbings collection and the Tan-Hsin Archive as an example, and demonstrated how cross-referencing use of these two collections could help to uncover some historical problems of the Taiwan society and the solutions from the government. The monumental stone rubbings, mostly single autonomous items, depict various aspects such as politics, social development, religion, customs and culture of the early Taiwan society. The Tan-Hsin Archive, on the other hand, is significant in having series of documents concerning a single event happened in the old Taiwan society. As these two collections have similar spatial and geographic coverage, the Tan-Hsin Archive could serve as supplements to the rubbings for doing research on the subjects described in the relic rubbings. However, the rubbings are mostly over-sized documents and not easy to provide for use. The Tan-Hsin Archive contains a tremendous amount of documents, therefore, it is difficult to retrieve documents concerning a definite topic by using microfilms or duplicates of the originals. Now that database of these two collections is available, it is possible to easily retrieve documents concerning the same event from these two collections. As a result, it enables cross-referencing use of these first-hand historical resources. The paper hopes to initiate new research possibilities based on the rubbings and encourage in-dept research from referencing use of Tan-Hsin Archive. In addition, the authors made an approximately corresponding topical map of these two collections from subject analysis, adding it as an appendix of this article for researchers' reference.

圖書館面對愈來愈多的數位資源必須思考如何管理與典藏。本文將數位館藏分為四個類型，分別解釋其意義與舉例說明。然後針對文化資源，提出大學圖書館由內而外的文化保存策略及電子資源發展藍圖，包括數位典藏、機構典藏、網頁典藏與免費學術電子資源等。最後討論大學圖書館應積極思考如何將數位館藏納入圖書館技術服務的一般流程中，以使數位館藏在圖書館裡發揮其應該扮演的角色。

With the ever increasing volume of digital objects, it is imperative for libraries to design strategies for collecting, preserving, and incorporating digital resources into the library's collection. In this paper, we classify digital collections into four categories, according to their relationship with physical resources. We then point out that university libraries should play a more active role in preserving cultural heritage, and map out a strategy for this purpose. A developmental strategy for managing free digital resources is then outlined. We conclude the paper with a discussion of the issues libraries should consider when incorporating digital resources into their collection.

隨著資訊技術的日新月異，數位典藏成為了現今保存、傳播及應用文獻資料的重要利器，普及程度也逐漸由機關單位推廣至一般民眾，透過簡易便利的數位技術建立多采多姿的個人化「數位博物館」。本文所介紹的「『葉榮鐘全集、文書及文庫數位資料館』之建置」計畫，是國立清華大學圖書館首次執行的「個人捐贈資料」數位化工作，尤其適合一般民眾進行個人、家族，乃至企業團體數位典藏時的具體參考。本文將依序介紹葉榮鐘私家文書數位化成果，在基礎、進階、延伸三個不同階段的運用及其影響，具體說明此批珍貴的臺灣史研究文獻如何透過數位科技之助，在虛擬的網際網絡上，如實重現葉榮鐘個人「鐵筆揮硬論」的熱情，及臺灣近百年來的歷史風華。

This article introduces the content and characteristics of Yeh Rung-chung Digital Archive built by the University Library of National Tsing Hua University.
Mr. Yeh Rung-chung experienced critical periods of Taiwan history and had participated in most of the important cultural and political events of his time from 1900 to 1978. With a strong sense of history, Mr. Yeh had preserved and collected a large amount of materials with wide diversities, reflecting the cultural, social, and political phenomena of different periods of Taiwan. In the project of building Yeh Rung-chung Digital Archive, we have adopted various strategies and measures to reveal and cherish the values of this precious collection.
In this paper, we discuss accomplishments of "Yeh Rung-chung Digital Archive". In addition to its technological, educational and academic utilities, we suggest that Yeh Rung-chung Digital Archive also serves as a good example for digital archiving of private/personal collections for the general public in this digital era.

國立故宮博物院典藏善本古籍將近二十萬冊，為臺灣地區重要的善本古籍典藏單位之一。故宮這批珍貴善本多承自昔日清宮的舊藏，從年代來看，上至北宋，晚至清末；在版本上，則以宮廷善本精品為主，兼及徵集自民間的寫本、刻本、活字本、名家批校本、手稿本等，還有少數日本及高麗刊本、鈔本。故宮為了長久保存維護這些珍貴善本，自民國92年（2003）參與「數位典藏國家型科技計畫」以來，便致力於推動古籍數位化的工作，且在95年（2006）完成第一期的計劃。雖在時間及人力的運用上，尚不足以將故宮全部古籍予以數位化，但這幾年下來的數位成果，使清宮藏書的神祕面紗，在透過數位影像的傳達後，逐漸在世人面前揭現原貌。

The precious rare books in the National Palace Museum, one of the most important preserving institutions in Taiwan, number approximately 200,000 volumes. Most of them are inherited from Ch'ing€'s court, dating from the North Sung Dynasty to the late years of Ch'ing Dynasty, and others include various individuals such as written edition, woodblock edition, monographs printed in movable types, imprints annotated by renowned scholars, manuscripts, and works printed and written in Korean and Japanese.
To preserve these precious rare books, the National Palace Museum is devoted to archives digitization and participates in the"National Digital Archives Project"€ since 2003. The first phase of this program will be completed by the end of 2006. Although we don€'t have enough time and human resources to digitize all the rare books in museum, the digital performance during these years unveils the secret of rare books in Ch€'ing's court in front of the public through the transmission from digital images.

本文介紹國立臺中圖書館所建置的數位典藏系統，包括地方文獻、舊版報紙、古文書及日文舊籍等數位化作業，說明數位化作業相關背景資料、加值功能，以及遭遇的困難。並以公共圖書館的角色，提出對數位化作業未來的發展方向。

The article introduces the digital archives systems constructed by National Tai-chung Library, including digitization of local collections, historical newspapers, ancient documents and Japanese old books, exploring the relevant background of digitization, value-added applications and potential problems. To examine and propose the future direction of developing digitization.