大學圖書館

本文探討在資訊時代大學圖書館與電算中心兩者之間的關係·主要針對美國地區1980年代開始面臨此問題時，如何因應，文獻探討以此地區為主·本文探討之主題包括︰1.大學圖書館之任務與特色；2.電算中心之任務與特色；3.大學圖書館與電算中心之比較，分為︰(1)人員，(2)經費，(3)服務倫理，與(4)學校地位四個項目；4.大學圖書館與電算中心之關係，區分為三種關係，即︰(1)疏遠的關係，(2)合併的關係，與(3)合作的關係。

This paper discusses the relationship between university libraries and computer centers in the information age. Since 1980 this issue was popularly discussed in the United States so the literature reviews are mainly focused in that country. Four topics are described in this paper: 1. the missions and characteristics of university libraries; 2. the missions and characteristics of computer centers; 3. the comparison between university libraries and computer centers in which 4 items are compared i.e. (1) staff, (2) budget, (3) service ethic, and (4) status in the university;and 4. In the relationship between university libraries and computer centers 3 relations are discussed, i.e. (1) estranged relations, (2) merged relations and (3) partnership relations.

由於社會信息結構變化、計算機網路普遍以及多媒體時代來臨，“信息社會”已成為社會發展之必然趨勢；同時，也對大學圖書館在資源建設、信息提供、用戶服務、管理方式等層面均產生巨大衝擊。本文主要以二十一世紀大學圖書館所具備之特徵，說明其應有之智能化、信息社會化、現代化及數位化等功能，並指出其未來在行政管理、資源建設、自動化發展和館員素質等方面都將面臨挑戰。

With the change of information structure, the popularity of computer networks, and the advent of multimedia age, “information society” has led a tendency for social development; in the meantime, is also making dramatic waves of impact on collection development, information providing, user service, and management for academic libraries. This article mainly intends to address four functions of academic libraries based on their characteristics in the 21th century, which are intelligent systemization, information socialization, modernization, and digitalization. Besides, the author points out future challenges in administrative management, collection development, automated systems, and staff qualifications should be confronted.

在電子科技的衝擊中，我們正思索圖書館未來的角色與定位，包括電子圖書館應提供什麼服務，內容的深度與廣度等關鍵性的問題。面對組織變革之際，我們極需一套有用的思考工具。本文主張行銷理論提供一個有力的思考架構，可幫助我們有系統地描繪圖書館未來的藍圖。行銷理論不只是一個觀念，更包含一套可行的技術與程序。不但公共圖書館應講究行銷，大學圖書館亦應運用行銷的理論與技術來提昇圖書館在師生心目中的地位，並確保圖書館提供的產品與服務是我們師生所需要與珍惜的。非營利事業之行銷乃為大勢所趨，本文就大學圖書館為什麼應有行銷的觀念，行銷的內涵是什麼，以及大學圖書館如何應用行銷分別探討。

This article discusses the major concepts of marketing as they are applied to library services in an academic community. It is argued that marketing is a powerful tool not only for a public library but also for an academic library. College and university libraries can benefit from practicing customer-oriented information services that is the centrality of marketing management.

隨著外在服務環境的變遷以及內部專業人力及經費之不足，大學圖書館為支援教學與研究所提供之參考服務在品質上逐漸遭受質疑，引發了學界及業界對資訊時代參考服務之重新省思。有鑑於此，本文首先對傳統參考服務之特色及優缺點加以探討，並介紹學者所提倡之「分化式參考服務模式」（Differentiated Reference Service Model），就其產生之背景、觀念之演進、服務之特色、及實施之優缺點詳加論述，並由美國幾所大學圖書館實施之現況分析其實際應用之可行性。結論指出，分化式參考服務模式對參考服務品質之提升確有助益，相當具有可行性，可作為資訊時代大學圖書館參考服務組織重整時之參考。

Three trends have pushed university libraries to modify the structure of reference service in recent years, which are budgetary stringency, reductions in staffing, and the change of reference environment. University libraries cannot but change the reference model in order to satisfy readers’ needs in information age. This article explores the problems of traditional reference service, introduces the differentiated reference model, including its background, progress, characteristics, advantages and disadvantages, and analyzes the feasibility of the model by the experience of several university libraries in the United States.

電子資源及網路越來越普及，越來越多的資料可以透過網路取得，再加上圖書館經費的縮減，以「取得」(access)代替「收藏」（ownership）的館藏觀念也不斷地被提起，爭論亦是不少。有些人認為未來會有許多的資源是以電子形式呈現，紙本將會漸被取代，許多資料將會是「依需求」出版。所以圖書館重視收藏的觀念應該改變，圖書館只要能在讀者需要時設法取得即可。目前我國大學圖書館雖然積極推廣電子資源的利用，但似乎缺乏適當的館藏發展政策，也似乎未能站在讀者的角度來規劃電子資源的蒐藏與利用。本研究利用問卷調查探討圖書館員及大學教師對於圖書館提供電子資源的看法，比較圖書館員與大學教師對於圖書館應收藏何種電子資源的看法，以及分析比較圖書館員與大學教師對於「取得」與「收藏」二種館藏觀念的看法。研究結果顯示，圖書館員及大學教師都重視電子資源的重要性，資料類型是選擇電子資源的重要考慮因素，但大學教師與圖書館員對館藏量與取得的看法有顯著的差異。另外，大學教師與圖書館員對電子資源「取得」和「收藏」的優缺點看法大致相同，但對電子資源收費使用的看法則有差異。

Electronic resources are very popular nowadays and many materials can be obtained via Internet. Facing the challenge of budget shrinkage, there are many discussion among librarians on the issue that whether access should replace ownership in developing library collections. Some librarians argue that electronic resources will substitute the print materials, and many materials will be published on demand. Therefore, the concept of ownership should be abandoned and it is the library's responsibility to help users to access to the materials when they need. University libraries in Taiwan are taking all efforts to promote the use of electronic resources. There are few appropriate collection development policies for electronic resources and the acquisition are not based on the investigations and the comparisions of the viewpoints of university professors and university librarians as to the uses of electronic resources as well as the concept of access and ownership. The result indicates that both professors and librarians agree that electronic resources are important for teaching and research. The type of material is an important factor when to decide whether electronic format or printed format should be acquired. There are significant differences between professors and librarians about the concept of ownership and quantity of library holdings. Their thoughts concerning the strength and weakness of access and ownership are very similar. However, they do not share the same viewpoints about the fee-based service of electronic resources.

大學圖書館主要目的在於支援教學和研究，尤其在資訊發達之今日，如何能更有效地組織、利用資訊，將是一門重要課題。為增快使用者掌握所需資訊的速度，針對其需求施予圖書館利用指導是必要的，若想將其效用發揮極致，也必須對圖書館利用指導本身進行評鑑，以瞭解使用者真正的需求和實施步驟的優缺點。本文即針對大學圖書館中，所實施的利用指導教育類型、方式加以說明，並討論可行的評鑑步驟。

User instruction is important in academic libraries. With the increasing emphasis on active learning in university setting, many academic libraries have devoted considerable resources in teaching potential library users how to locate information efficiently. This paper first focuses on the definition and the nature of the term ‘user instruction’ and then discusses its importance and process of evaluation.

使用者的資訊技術與素養﹐和使用者利用教育與使用者服務有循環互動的關係。圖書館的使用者服務(含使用者利用教育)之規劃﹐影響因素與考量依據﹐應包括資訊技術訓練與資訊素養蘊育的界說﹐與圖書館及其服務事項的定位問題。大學圖書館究竟要提供何等使用者服務﹐端視其所屬大學與圖書館本身自訂與被認定的角色任務而定。基本上﹐大學圖書館的使用絕非止於實用技術層次﹐因此其使用者服務勢必兼顧技術與素養層面。

The information skills and literacy of users interact with and interrelate to user education and user services. The planning of library user services (including user education) should take into consideration the definition and scope of information skills and literacy, as they are to be adopted by the library in correspondence to the positioning of the library and its services. What sort of user services should be provided by a university library depends mainly on the set and perceived roles of the library itself. Essentially, use of any university library should by no means be confined to the practical and technical level, thus making it necessary for its user services to take care of both the skills and literacy aspects of user elements.

擬從使用者的角度去探討大學圖書館組織與服務之若干問題，以國立臺灣大學農學院的教授及博、碩士生為調查對象，由其資訊尋求行為及對圖書館服務的期望，探討以使用者為中心的大學圖書館之必要條件，使大學圖書館能提供專業及個人化的服務。綜合文獻及調查結果，提出若干建議供大學圖書館服務的參考，以達支援教學及研究的目標。

This study aims primarily at research into certain service issues in academic libraries. Questionnaires were sent to professors and graduate students of the College of Agriculture, National Taiwan University, as samples for surveying users' behavior and service expectations. The library will use the results of this investigation for all aspects of library planning, especially in terms of service patterns. It is hoped that the academic library can provide satisfactory, professional and personalized services to the users. This paper proposes several suggestions for supporting teaching and research in the community.

「隨選視訊系統」為大學圖書館利用新興科技輔助教學的重要實例；而透過系統評估準則之建立，不僅讓已建置隨選視訊系統的大學圖書館能夠瞭解日後改進方向，更為其他圖書館提供客觀之參考資源。因此，本研究即以國內五所大學圖書館為研究單位，分別從管理者與使用者觀點，瞭解大學圖書館隨選視訊系統應具備的條件，藉此建置一套實際可行的評估準則，進而為其未來發展提出若干建議。

The new technology Video on Demand system (VOD) used in university libraries has proved to be a success. An evaluation of VOD system indicates that further improvement of this new technology is needed. This paper tries to establish some criteria of evaluation for this system in terms of its users and management. The criteria provided can eventually be used for other university libraries in Taiwan.

圖書館自動化與網路化之目的在於提昇圖書館全體作業之效能，增進讀者滿意度。本研究係調查我國五所大學圖書館館員、一般讀者及圖書資訊學相關研究所研究生，對大學圖書館在自動化與網路化後提供之資訊服務品質是否提昇之看法；以瞭解大學圖書館各項資訊服務之表現良窳與需要改進之處；並根據問卷調查結果，比較三個群體之認知差距。最後提出建議，作為我國大學圖書館提昇自動化與網路化後資訊服務、館員自我改善及圖書館資訊學相關研究所研究生未來從業準備之參考。

The aim of library automation and network is to enhance the efficiency of operation and offer satisfaction to its readers. A survey was conducted among three different groups: university libraries, common users, and graduate students from Institution of Library and Information Science. This paper first compares the cognitive differences among the three groups involved according to the results of this survey and then makes some suggestions about the promotion of the quality of information service, librarians’ self-improvement, and the occupation preparation for graduate students.