academic library

知識管理是新世紀的主要議題，知識工作者則是主導了知識經濟的發展。圖書館身為提供資訊與知識的供應者，亦開始接受知識管理概念，並利用知識管理系統，來為使用者提供更好的服務。本文首先釐清知識、知識管理的概念，並討論何謂知識管理系統，分別探討其定義及應具備的功能；最後舉美國Rutgers大學圖書館之知識管理系統CKDB為例，說明知識管理系統於學術圖書館運作的現況。

Knowledge management is an important issue in this new century and knowledge worker plays a leading role in the development of knowledge economy. Library, the provider of information and knowledge, uses the concept of knowledge management and knowledge management system in order to offer better services for its users. This article first defines the terms of knowledge, knowledge management, and knowledge management system (KMS) and then introduces the KMS and CKDB systems in Rutgers University as an example to illustrate the operation of KMS in academic libraries.

圖書館屬於功能性建築，學術圖書館建築的規劃，在於順應使用者需求以及機構目標，釐清使用者需求為建築規劃首要課題。歷來圖書館的規劃以館藏、讀者與館員三者為空間需求主要考量，由於科技、政治、經濟、社會變遷和館藏的變化，圖書館建築規劃持續面臨挑戰。本研究目的主要為藉由蒐集國內外大學圖書館建築規劃與使用者需求調查等文獻，分析大學圖書館使用者建築空間需求趨勢，再以嘉義大學為個案，實證調查大學師生空間需求特質。採用的研究方法包括文獻分析、焦點團體訪談、問卷調查。本研究最後提出七項結論：一、館藏空間仍是使用者最重視的圖書館建築空間；二、教師、研究生與大學生的資訊行為與圖書館使用行為有極大差異；三、不同學域師生在資訊與圖書館空間使用行為上有很大差異；四、課程輔助機制的空間為教師與學生重要需求；五、電子資源的發展為圖書館空間需求主要影響因素；六、館員的使用者研究對整體圖書館建築規劃具有重要影響；七、使用者資訊行為與空間使用行為有持續變化特質，圖書館空間需求亦將持續變遷。

A library is a functional building. The designing of an academic library should serve and support the needs of the users and the goals of the institute. To identify the needs of the users would be the most important topic of architecture designing. Previously, the functions of an academic library were mainly to fulfill three purposes: housing for the collections, service to readers, and space for staff activities. Recently the library architecture designing has been challenged by the growth of library collections as well as the rapid changes of technology, politics, economics, and society. The purpose of this study is to analyze the users' needs for the space of an academic library building. To achieve the goal, the investigator collected literature on the designing of academic library buildings and surveys of users' needs. Furthermore, I used the library of NCYU as a case study to do empirical investigation of the faculty, students and librarians' needs for library space. The methodology of the study include literature analysis, focus groups interview, and questionnaire survey. Based on the findings of the study, the investigator provides seven conclusions for overall users' needs of an academic library in the following: 1.Collection space is the most important for faculty, students and librarians.2.There are many differences in information and library space user behavior among faculty, graduate and undergraduate students.3.There is significant difference in users of different academic areas on the use of information and library space.4. It is an important requirement that an academic library should provide space and facility to support teaching and learning.5.The influence of e-resources is the main factor to the users needs of a library space.6.Librarian devoted to studying users' needs is valuable for the designing of a library building.The information and space using behavior of the users are subject to change and so should the library space continue to meet the challenge.

在網路化和數位化浪潮的推波助瀾之下，學術傳播的模式與數位出版的發展有許多改變，大學圖書館必須同時扮演傳統圖書館與數位圖書館的雙重角色，並且均衡處理實體和虛擬館藏的佈局。因此，如何走出重重困境，創造圖書館的新氣象，考驗著圖書館員的智慧。本文由學術傳播、公開取用、機構典藏等面向對館藏發展的衝擊，探討數位時代館藏發展的新挑戰。最後提出關注學術傳播的變遷、形塑電子館藏管理的新觀點、邁入館藏內容管理的新思維、促進校園知識管理的整合、置身於數位化學術出版的一環、重視資訊取用系統的便利性、培育圖書館員的新技能以及強化圖書資訊學的課程等建議，供同道參考。

The changing nature of scholarly communication and electronic publishing greatly challenge the library collection development in an electronic age. As a result Academic libraries need to integrate printed material and virtual collection. This paper aims at tracing the influence and the forces affecting the production, dissemination, and use of scholarly and scientific information. After discussing the movement of Open Access and Institutional Repositovative, creative, and affordable ways of sharing scholarly findings and tries to build common understandings of the challenges presented by electronic scholarly communication and to generate strategies for transforming the collection development.