OPAC

圖書館的「線上公用目錄」（On-Line Public Access Catalog, OPAC）系統，是提供讀者查詢圖書館館藏資料的重要工具，也是早期資訊檢索技術主要的應用方向。本文即以輔仁大學圖書館為例，說明整合新一代資訊檢索技術於 OPAC 系統的實施現況。我們運用非營利機構可獲得的先進檢索引擎，輔以自行發展的關鍵詞擷取技術，完成具備重要性排序、近似字串、模糊搜尋、相關詞回饋、允許近似自然語言檢索字串的 OPAC 系統。初步的評估發現，這樣的系統對協助使用者簡化查詢條件、拓展檢索字彙、提昇檢索成效有相當的助益。

The On-Line Public Access Catalog (OPAC) system is an important tool in helping users to retrieve information from a large volume of data stored in a library. However, recent advances in information retrieval technologies have not yet been applied to most OPAC systems. This paper introduces the development of a novel OPAC system which applies a free advanced search engine available from the Internet and an automatic keyword extraction function developed by the Department of Library and Information Science. The resultant features of the OPAC system include relevance ranking, fuzzy search, relevance feedback, and query by quasi-natural language. Results show that such a system greatly simplifies query formulations and automatically prompts more relevant search vocabulary to the users, thus improving the performance of an OPAC system to a higher degree.

本研究主要的目的是希望透過實際調查的方法，瞭解目前我國大學校院圖書館使用WebPAC之情形，並從：(一)操作控制功能；(二)檢索點；(三)檢索與查詢；(四)輸出控制功能；(五)使用者輔助，以及(六)系統之連結與關係共六項，對各系統作一評估比較。期盼研究結果能提供國內大學圖書館選擇、設計或改善WebPAC系統時參考。

The purpose of this study is to understand the conditions of WebPACs in college and university libraries in Taiwan, R.O.C. The items compared according to functional capabilities and interface features include:(1)Operational control;(2)Access Points;(3)Search Formulation Control;(4)Output Control;(5)Online Helps; and(6)Connection with other systems. It is hoped that this study will help to select, design, and improve the function and interface of WebPACs.

本研究主要探討OPAC文獻之基本特性，如：文獻成長情形及出版品類型、語言、作者與期刊之分佈情形，並以書目計量學之洛卡定律和布萊德福定律，加以驗證著者生產力與期刊文獻之分佈。研究結果發現1975至2000年間，OPAC文獻仍持續的成長，呈現邏輯斯第曲線的成長模式；文獻發表的語言以英語最為普遍，並且以強調新穎性的期刊類型為主要出版品；出版一篇文獻的作者佔77.82%；利用布萊德福定律求出八種核心期刊。在文獻作者生產力與期刊文獻分佈方面符合洛卡定律與布萊德福定律之結果。

On the basis of bibliometric analysis, this study explores the characteristics of the OPAC literature, such as the literature growth, document type, language, author productivity and the distribution of journal articles. The OPAC literature, 1975-2000, shows an example of logistic growth. English is the predominant language and the most popular form of publication is the journal article. The vast majority of authors, (77.82%), publish one article only in the subject of OPAC. English core journals were identified based on Bradford’s law. The results of the present study also revealed that author and journal productivity were consistent with Lotka's law and Bradford's law.

本文以書目計量學為方法，分析我國1982-2002 年間所出版之OPAC文獻特性，藉以探討我國OPAC的研究發展情形。共取得OPAC文獻110篇，引用之參考文獻3,299篇，分析項目包括：文獻的基本特性、作者特性與生產力、引用參考文獻之特性。研究結果發現，國內OPAC文獻量少，歷年成長模式接近邏輯斯第曲線；文獻類型以期刊論文為主(75%)，探討的主題以使用者研究、綜論、檢索技術及使用者介面佔多數(71%)，約有71% 的文獻由圖資系所師生所撰寫；出版一篇文獻的作者佔72％；大量(80%)引用國外英文文獻；學位論文引用量最多，中位篇數約90篇；與國外OPAC文獻特性比較，互有差異與相似之處。

The study explores the characteristics of the OPAC literature published in Taiwan from 1982 through 2002. Using bibliometric analysis, 110 papers containing 3,299 references are analyzed. The results show that most OPAC literatures are published in the format of journal papers (75%). Among which the issues concerned are user study, general introduction. Retrieval technology and user interface (total 71%). Most papers are written by the faculty and graduate students of library schools(71%). 72% of authors contributes one paper. Most of the papers use English reference and a median of 90 references are from thesis/dissertations. Similarities and differences between this study and the previous studies of OPAC literature are illustrated.