葉乃靜

閱讀是人類古老的活動之一，但是，對閱讀的社會學研究則是30年代才興起。圖書館主要的功能在提供資訊給使用者，因此，圖書館對使用者的閱讀行為更不可不了解。因此，本文首先探討閱讀的性質與價值、閱讀的動機與種類、系列出版品及羅曼史引起的爭議，最後並分析圖書館應不應該蒐藏系列出版品和羅曼史之看法，以幫助圖書館因應使用者的閱讀需求。

Reading is one of the oldest activities of mankind but research on reading from a sociological perspective does not appear until the 1930s. Since the primary function of the library is to provide information for its readers, to understand their reading behavior becomes the key issue in deciding the proper acquisition of books. The purpose of this article is to analyze the characters, value, motivation and categories of reading. It also discusses the controversy between series books and romances as well as the suitability of holding these books in the libraries.

人類社會由口語傳播時代進入書寫傳播時代後，學術文化得以藉典籍保存下來。然而，歷代的藏書每因政治、經濟、戰爭或天災人禍等因素影響，而毀於一旦。因此，不僅官方藏書著重典藏，藏書家也囿於典籍收藏不易，對圖書流傳也抱持審慎的態度。直到圖書館設置後，圖書公開流通的觀念才漸為社會接受。本文說明我國歷代藏書情形、贊成與反對圖書流通者的理由、圖書館開架制的興起，從中可以反應出歷來人們對圖書價值認知的改變。

In China, books have been difficult to collect since ancient times. Moreover, collections were often destroyed by war of fire, and this is why most collectors were very conservative in circulating their books. This article investigates the development of the concept of circulation in early Chinese Society, the results showing that different circulation philosophies in different periods are dominated mainly by the value of books.

圖書館的館藏目錄是使用者開啟館藏之鑰，可以協助使用者了解館藏的出處、辨識和選擇不同的版本。圖書館館藏目錄使用研究，則有助於瞭解使用者使用的檢索點、使用的檢索技巧，如提供關鍵字和布林邏輯檢索、限制檢索(如切截等)、使用時遇到的困難，或者進一步分析使用者使用的檢索詞彙等。這些瞭解，不僅有助於圖書館對使用者資訊尋求行為的掌握，並可做為改善系統設計之參考。本文以1985年至1999年，近十五年的英文文獻為探討的對象，分析線上目錄使用者使用的檢索點、檢索失敗的原因、使用的檢索策略、使用者對改善線上目錄的看法、線上公用目錄使用者教育等問題。

The Online Public Access Catalog (OPAC) is the best gateway for users to get access to library collections and to locate library materials. Through the use studies of OPAC, libraries can understand the information seeking behavior of its users, and can improve on their own design of OPAC system. This paper reviews the related OPAC research literatures in English in the past 15 years (1985-1999), analyzed the users’ problems of access points, search terms, search strategies, and other related issues on training users.