吳紹群

近年來圖書館界十分重視期刊漲價議題，對於期刊出版問題在學術傳播上造成的威脅亦十分關心，Open Access 等新的期刊出版模式也常被討論。但是，對於學術出版的另一重要板塊─專書（學術圖書）則缺乏同等的重視，多數文獻僅提及期刊漲價已對圖書館購買專書的預算造成排擠，至於專書本身的出版問題及其對學術傳播的影響，則鮮少有人探討。本文由學術傳播概念出發，以倚賴專書最深的人文學領域為例，探討專書出版問題的成因，並討論專書出版問題對學術傳播系統可能會造成哪些影響。

During recent years, libraries have paid extra attention to the increased price of periodicals and the serious implications it might have on scholarly communication. New modes of periodical publication such as Open Access have also been widely discussed. However, much less attention has been paid to another important sector of scholarly publishing—monographs (scholarly books). Most literatures only mention the low budget for monographs in libraries rather than the problems related to the publishing of monographs and its influences on scholarly communication. This paper focuses on scholarly communication, and takes as its example the field of humanism which greatly relies on monographs, to discuss the causes of problems related to monograph publishing and analyze the influences of these problems on scholarly communication systems.

開放取用（Open Access）運動近年來獲得相當大的矚目，但所產生的討論多集中於出版模式、作者態度、成本分析等方面，對於圖書館如何對Open Access文獻進行資訊組織及提供讀者取用管道方面，相關的探討仍顯得相對較少。本文首先針對Open Access的發展及其文獻類型作一概述；其次分析目前主要的Open Access資訊組織方式和檢索管道並探討其優缺點；第三部份則綜合前一章所分析的各種Open Access資訊組織方式和檢索管道，由各角度探討其特性；最後則針對圖書館在Open Access資訊組織方式和檢索服務上的重要性作綜合性的探討，並對圖書館未來在改善Open Access文獻的資訊組織及取用上及未來的研究方向上提出若干建議。

Open Access has received much attention in the recent year, but related discussions often concentrate on publication type, author attitude, and cost analysis only. There is scanty research concerning how the library provides information organization and access means on Open Access. This paper first introduces the development and types of literatures in Open Access, and analyzes the current information organization and access means on Open Access and the advantages and disadvantages. The third part summarizes the information organization and access means on Open Access analyzed in the previous chapter, and then discusses their characteristics from different perspectives. Lastly, composite discussion is made on the significance of information organization and access means on Open Access, in order to provide suggestions for libraries on improving the information organization of Open Access and for future research.

近年來大學或其它圖書館參與文物的數位典藏甚深，許多大學圖書館也設有特藏組、文物陳列室或博物館，但圖書館學界對於博物館文物的資訊組織研究，卻顯得相當稀少，無法深入理解文物資訊組織和圖書、期刊、網路資源資訊組織的差異何在。本文由博物館文物的資訊組織特性出發，提出博物館文物的資訊組織必需符合「物質文化」研究的需求，其次則指出數位典藏的Metadata標準並不完全適用於博物館文物的資訊組織，並比較各種博物館資訊組織標準以顯示其特性所在，最後則對博物館文物資訊組織的研究和標準發展工作上提出若干建議。

In recent years, universities and libraries have been participating digital collection. Many university libraries have established special collection unit, display room, or museum. Unfortunately the academic researches on museum information organization are scanty and unable to probe into the differences between the information organization of collections and books, periodicals, and Internet resources. This paper focuses on the features of information organization, proposes the need for information organization to meet the demands of "material culture" research, points out that Metadata standard for digital collection is not completely applicable to museum information organization, compares the museum information organization standard and shows the features, and lastly, makes suggestions to research and standard development of museum information organization.