機讀編目格式

臺灣大學圖書館是以中西文資料採用不同機讀編目格式的編目作業方式，近年來，面對編目人力縮減的壓力、透過OCLC WorldCat 增進書目國際化的需求，以及國際間轉換MARC21 的趨勢潮流，促使本館積極思考中西文資料統一採用MARC21 為機讀編目格式的可行性及效益。本研究以文獻分析及問卷調查方法分別瞭解國內外使用機讀編目格式的趨勢及轉換經驗；並透過本館2008 年至2010年5月間所入藏出版品的抄錄編目比率、編目作業以及書目上傳等工作流程的實際測試及分析，評估採用單一MARC21 格式對本館編目作業的工作效益以及書目服務品質的影響。評估結果發現MARC21 格式不論對本館內部的組織人力運用、工作績效，或是外部的編目發展趨勢以及國際接軌目標，都相較CMARC 格式有更直接且深遠的效益。本研究結果與建議將作為臺大圖書館擇用或轉換機讀編目格式之政策參考。

The National Taiwan University Library has been using different MARC formats, CMARC for Chinese/Japanese/Korean and MARC21 for western materials. Recently, to decrease human resources in cataloging, data exchange via OCLC WorldCat and the international tendency towards MARC21, we started to consider and evaluate the problems and benefits of transferring MARC21 as a single MARC format by utilizing content analysis within foreign experience of transferring to MARC21, questionnaire survey of university libraries in Taiwan and Statistics / experimental research of NTU library’s collections and workflow of cataloging. The research shows the assessment of MARC21, which displays on internal impact on human resources utilization, performance and external benefits on long-term development, communication with international, and is better than CMARC. The conclusion and suggestions will serve as a reference and guidelines for choosing or transferring the MARC format of the NTU library in the future.

隨著電腦與網路科技的運用，網路上有越來越多的資訊，儼然形成了另一個形式的圖書館。如何有效的組織檢索網路上各種不同的資源，一直是資訊使用者與整理者所希望解決的議題。機讀編目格式一直是圖書館作業自動化後整理組織圖書館資源的依據，但是否適合處理網路資源，討論聲音一直不斷。本文擬就機讀編目格式與Dublin Core發展背景，資料欄位架構，並就兩者資料結構來探討不同格式處理網路資源的議題與適用性。

With the growth of the information on the Internet, Internet forms a different type of libraries. It has been an issue on how to organize the information on the Internet and access effectively. The Machine Readable Catalog (MARC) format has been the standard of creating the records for the library collection. Is MARC right for the Internet sources? This article looks into the characters of MARC and Dublin Core to outlines the issues on organizing Internet sources.

英美編目規則(AACR)出版迄今已有40年的歷史，因應電子期刊、網站和電子資料庫等新興資料類型蓬勃發展，以及線上編目和編目資源分享之環境，遂而修訂英美編目規則。英美編目規則第二版2002修訂版主要修訂PartⅠ著錄第十二章，並改章名為連續性資源，至於Part Ⅱ檢索款目選擇、標目、參照部分則修訂不多。而此修訂連帶促使機讀編目格式連續性資源相關欄位之增改，主要修訂有定長欄Leader 07 Bibl Level、部分008欄以及變長欄260欄三部分。

AACR has been published and implemented in the past 40 years. Due to rapid development of new carriers like electronic journals, websites, databases, and online cataloging and shared cataloging environment, AACR has undergone revisions. This major revision of AACR2(2002) is see in Chapter 12, PartⅠ, with chapter title changed to Continuing Resources. For Part Ⅱ, little change has been made for, choice of entry, heading, and reference. As to the major related changes of MARC21, they are Leader 07 Bibl Level, partial 008 field and 260 field.