Information retrieval

圖書館的「線上公用目錄」（On-Line Public Access Catalog, OPAC）系統，是提供讀者查詢圖書館館藏資料的重要工具，也是早期資訊檢索技術主要的應用方向。本文即以輔仁大學圖書館為例，說明整合新一代資訊檢索技術於 OPAC 系統的實施現況。我們運用非營利機構可獲得的先進檢索引擎，輔以自行發展的關鍵詞擷取技術，完成具備重要性排序、近似字串、模糊搜尋、相關詞回饋、允許近似自然語言檢索字串的 OPAC 系統。初步的評估發現，這樣的系統對協助使用者簡化查詢條件、拓展檢索字彙、提昇檢索成效有相當的助益。

The On-Line Public Access Catalog (OPAC) system is an important tool in helping users to retrieve information from a large volume of data stored in a library. However, recent advances in information retrieval technologies have not yet been applied to most OPAC systems. This paper introduces the development of a novel OPAC system which applies a free advanced search engine available from the Internet and an automatic keyword extraction function developed by the Department of Library and Information Science. The resultant features of the OPAC system include relevance ranking, fuzzy search, relevance feedback, and query by quasi-natural language. Results show that such a system greatly simplifies query formulations and automatically prompts more relevant search vocabulary to the users, thus improving the performance of an OPAC system to a higher degree.

資訊檢索研究的目的在解決人類對於資訊的需求，發展至今不斷地消除一道道的資訊藩籬。隨著電腦網路的普及，網際網路快速地深入世界的每一個角落，普羅大眾對於「世界村」觀念感同身受的同時，語言的藩籬變得具體而殘酷，使用者很難檢索「不同文」的文獻資料。本文說明資訊檢索的語言藩籬，討論目前語言技術用於處理語言藩籬的可能方案，並且比較現有超越語言藩籬的資訊檢索系統與傳統資訊檢索系統之間的系統績效。

The purpose of research for information retrieval (IR) is to fulfill information need. IR has eradicated many information barriers from the very beginning. With the fast development of computer networks, the Internet has turned the world into a global village. But when the Internet users try to locate documents in different language, the once implicit language barrier becomes real and crucial. This paper attempts to explore the language barrier underlying the process of information retrieval, the possible solutions of this barrier, and a comparison of the performance of cross-language information retrieval and monolingual information retrieval systems.

本文探討光碟資料庫終端使用者之檢索問題對資訊尋求和資訊檢索之影響。本研究以國立臺灣大學學生為研究對象，以PsycLIT光碟資料庫為檢索系統，計有52位檢索者，總共進行58次檢索。本研究系統化地蒐集終端使用者之檢索背景、檢索問題和檢索結果，對於檢索問題進行性質上的分析，並進而探討檢索問題對檢索結果的影響。

This article analyzes the information seeking and information retrieval behavior of undergraduate and graduate students at National Taiwan University when using PsycLIT database. 52 subjects were studied through the semester, carrying out 58 searches. This study investigates information seeking and information retrieval by analyzing the use and influence of questions.

資訊檢索研究的目的在解決人類對於資訊的需求。然而，隨著不同資訊型態的出現，資訊檢索的技術亦逐漸多樣化，以適應各種型態的資訊。本文說明透過元資料進行檢索，可以適用於各種型態的資訊，故可稱之為資訊檢索核心技術。作者並探討三種不同層次的元資料：靜態權威元資料、動態權威元資料、個人化元資料，及其可能的應用方式。

The purpose of researches for information retrieval is to fulfill the information need. The various techniques for information retrieval are proposed to adapt to the diversified information types. This paper manages to deliberate the importance of metadata and suggests that information retrieval via metadata be applied to various types of information. From this viewpoint, the technique of information retrieval via metadata could be regarded as the core technique. In addition, the author also discusses three levels of metadata: statically authority-controlled metadata, dynamically authority-controlled metadata, and user-oriented metadata.

本文基於使用者觀點，深入探討互動前後使用者檢索詞彙的變化情形與影響因素，以瞭解其檢索過程中變化行為背後的思考方式，並對系統設計或使用指導理念的改進有所啟示，進而節省時間精力的耗費，提高完成整個任務的效率。

This article explores types of changes in search terms and identifies factors influencing them during information retrieval interactions. Three types of changes are identified and seven main types of interactive feedback are developed as a framework to examine the factors influencing these changes. Implications for interface design of information retrieval systems and for further research are discussed.

隨著網路資源的盛行，讀者所接觸之資訊來源也漸趨多元化，各種資料來源、類型以及使用方式也對讀者造成沉重的負擔。圖書館基於提供資訊服務的立場上，除了為讀者整理網路資源之外，也應該思考如何為讀者提供一種簡單而易用的檢索方式，設計規劃一多元化資訊檢索介面，整合各項資訊來源，將各種資料之查詢介面整合在圖書館WebPAC查詢介面中。本文將介紹利用Open URL技術及編碼原則，透過不同系統的查詢指令分析，將讀者所查詢的字串直接傳送至其他資料來源伺服器上，除了可以為讀者蒐集資訊資源之外，更進一步為讀者提供整合式檢索介面，方便讀者查詢資料。以南亞技術學院圖書館WebPAC為個案研究，依實際需求整合各項資訊來源，除了建立個別圖書館特色的檢索介面，並且可以引導讀者查詢相關資源。

With the growth of the Internet, readers have access to a growing array of information resources. The number and variety of these resources, however, have created new difficulties for users. Based on its commitment to information services, the library has collected resources and designed a simple way to retrieve various sorts of information. To integrate the information retrieval interface, we employ an OpenURL to automate the transfer of the user's query to different information servers. Nanya Library's WebPAC integrates information resources, including nearby university collections, electronic books, and Internet bookstores.

資訊檢索技術發展至今，已走向所謂的智慧型檢索技術，而資訊擷取技術極為其中之一。本文從資訊檢索、資訊檢索技術以及資訊服務的發展趨勢，說明資訊檢索的研究方向，並深入探討資訊擷取技術的意義、目的、應用與做法等項目。

With the new techniques and methods, the development of information retrieval has entered a new stage. The first part of this paper examines the development of information retrieval and information service and the second part concentrates on the purpose, methods, and applications of information extraction.

本研究之目的在分析資訊需求者與計畫檢索者對於相同檢索問題在分類上的差異。本研究由10位資訊需求者提出檢索問題並進行檢索，再由31位計畫檢索者針對此10個問題進行59次檢索。本文主要在比較此10位資訊需求者與31位計畫檢索者對同一檢索問題在分類上的差異，並探討此差異對檢索行為所造成之影響。本研究對檢索問題分類上的差異係從檢索問題之複雜性、專指性、前提假定三構面進行分析。本研究發現，相較於資訊需求者，計畫檢索者認為同一檢索問題所認知的複雜性較高，專指性亦較高，並傾於直接將前提假定用來進行檢索。

The project is designed to analyze the difference of question classifications between two groups of people: the end-users who have real information needs and the prohect searchers. Ten end-users address their search questions and proceed to do the search, while 31-project searchers conduct 59 times of searching on the ten questions posed by the end-users. The main purpose of this paper is to compare the classification differences of the search questions in terms of their complexity, specificity, and presupposition. The result of this study reveals that the project searchers not only perceive the questions in a more complex and specific way but also tend to proceed the search directly by using presuppositions of questions.