User studies

在電子科技的衝擊中，我們正思索圖書館未來的角色與定位，包括電子圖書館應提供什麼服務，內容的深度與廣度等關鍵性的問題。面對組織變革之際，我們極需一套有用的思考工具。本文主張行銷理論提供一個有力的思考架構，可幫助我們有系統地描繪圖書館未來的藍圖。行銷理論不只是一個觀念，更包含一套可行的技術與程序。不但公共圖書館應講究行銷，大學圖書館亦應運用行銷的理論與技術來提昇圖書館在師生心目中的地位，並確保圖書館提供的產品與服務是我們師生所需要與珍惜的。非營利事業之行銷乃為大勢所趨，本文就大學圖書館為什麼應有行銷的觀念，行銷的內涵是什麼，以及大學圖書館如何應用行銷分別探討。

This article discusses the major concepts of marketing as they are applied to library services in an academic community. It is argued that marketing is a powerful tool not only for a public library but also for an academic library. College and university libraries can benefit from practicing customer-oriented information services that is the centrality of marketing management.

隨著全球網際網路的發展與成長，國內許多文化機構紛紛計畫在網路上提供中文的資訊內容，政府方面也正朝向鼓勵發展數位博物館或電子圖書館的建置計畫。最早在台大發展的數位圖書館與博物館計畫「平埔探源」，其最終目的是要將台大圖書館中稀有的館藏與人類學系的獨特藏品加以數位化，以創造更有利的學術研究環境。對一個想要支援學術研究群體的數位圖書館，這些學者或研究人員將如何使用這類數位圖書館，特別是如何與獨特的資訊內容互動，是一個十分重要的議題。本文為筆者於臺灣地區從事台灣史料使用者資訊搜尋與使用研究之部份結果，針對古文書與檔案，探討平埔研究人員於真實的日常工作情境中的運用情形，並探討此一研究結果在資訊組織與檢索上的應用。

As a part of the national effort towards developing digital libraries, the NTU DL/M project has the initial goal of digitizing the scare historical records of Taiwan collected in the National Taiwan University Library, and some special collections from the Department of Anthropology, such as maps, photos, and articles of ethnic Taiwanese groups. These collections are raw materials valuable to the research community. But how those scholars or researchers make use of such a DL, especially how they interact with the information provided, is an important issue that has not been addressed. This paper reports the study of Taiwan research scholars, their tasks, activities and interactions with various resources. The results reveal why and how those scholars apply the tacit knowledge to their activities in order to acccomplish their tasks and in their use of resources such as historical records. Implications for system design and information organization are also discussed.

近年來，圖書資訊學界暢議「使用者指向」的理念，並且咸認為是重要的議題，希望推行到實務運作上。然而，一個落實以使用者為中心的圖書資訊服務與系統設計，對於服務對象的情境與問題不能陌生或妄自臆測，必須根據植於對使用者之資訊需求與行為習性的瞭解。本文旨在從使用者的角度，以國立藝術學院為例，探討藝術教師之資訊行為。主要的目的是以情境的觀點，探討其從事藝術相關之工作任務、目標、情境特徵、接觸資訊資源種類和管道，以及工作任務、目標與資訊行為之關係，期有系統地瞭解藝術教師的資訊需求與行為特性，並探討此一研究結果在圖書資訊服務與系統設計上的應用。

This article examines the information behavior of art teachers from the user’s point of view, using the case of the National Institute of the Arts as an example. This study analyzes their tasks, goals, availability of information, activities and interaction with various resources as well as the correspondence between these subjects, aiming to understand the information needs and the characteristic behavior of art teachers. Implications of this study for information service and system design are also discussed.

本文基於使用者觀點，深入探討互動前後使用者檢索詞彙的變化情形與影響因素，以瞭解其檢索過程中變化行為背後的思考方式，並對系統設計或使用指導理念的改進有所啟示，進而節省時間精力的耗費，提高完成整個任務的效率。

This article explores types of changes in search terms and identifies factors influencing them during information retrieval interactions. Three types of changes are identified and seven main types of interactive feedback are developed as a framework to examine the factors influencing these changes. Implications for interface design of information retrieval systems and for further research are discussed.

國內一般數位圖書館網站多是由資料供應單位與系統設計者提出，鮮少考慮使用者的角度。本文以國科會主題計畫網站「淡水河溯源」為例，說明運用多元方法進行使用者評估的實證研究，並試圖提出一個數位圖書館與博物館使用者研究的應用模式。 本研究的假設前提為真正有價值的網站是與使用者的工作生活相融合，因此必須根基於使用者現實世界的資訊需求與行為習慣。本主題網站目標之一為支援鄉土教育，而教學網站包括教與學，擁有教師與學生不同的使用者群，如何設計有價值的教學網站必須兼顧不同使用族群與不同的使用目的與任務，其根基在於深入瞭解他們日常工作生活的現實。本研究的結果在網站建置階段可協助系統及內容建置小組充實其內容並改進介面之設計。

Most digital libraries in Taiwan are designed by content providers and system designers. The purpose of this research attempts to propose a user study model for empirical investigation of web users, using a case study of Taiwan Digital Museum Dan-Shwei River as an example. This article reports the multiple methods used and the results found in this study, including the design principles and some substantial suggestions for practice.