Vol.12 No.1

近年來，有愈來愈多的檢索系統增加互動性的功能，但是對於評估互動性檢索系統仍然未有一套標準的典範。本文根據一項針對佛學數位圖書館所設計的辭彙建議介面所進行的使用者研究提出報告。實驗介面將使用者檢索詞共現的關鍵詞呈現給使用者，以作為使用者修改檢索詞彙之參考。實驗結果顯示，不同的介面與不同的搜尋任務之間有互動的關係。本文也針對本研究在互動性檢索系統評估方法上的意涵進行討論。

In recent years, more and more interactive features have been incorporated into information retrieval systems, but an evaluation paradigm for highly interactive systems has yet to emerge. This study reports the results of an experiment conducted to test the effectiveness and usefulness of a Term Suggestion Interface for a Buddhism study collection. Terms co-occurring with users' original queries were extracted and presented to users in order to refine the search. The results suggest that the performance of the experimental interface is influenced by the number of potentially relevant records in the collection. The methodological implications for interactive information retrieval evaluation are also discussed.

圖書館組成聯盟進行電子資源的採購工作，應該可以節省有關作業所需的人力物力，並能獲得更好的使用條件及價格，但目前多數聯盟採購正面臨若干困難而降低了預期效益。在這些困難中，由於廠商過於重視利益，設計出複雜紊亂之計價模式和不平等的授權合約，成為圖書館必須解決的主要困境。本文認為聯盟得採用著作權法、圖書館法和公平交易法等相關條文，依法要求廠商配合修正計價模式和授權合約等不合理之處；同時亦要爭取行政院的支持和公平交易委員會之協助，期能促進聯盟採購之效益，保障圖書館永續經營的使命。

Consortia purchasing for electronic resources has been viewed as an effective way to save cost and labor, and also to gain more bargaining power. However, most consortia face the difficulties of complicated pricing models and unfair licensing agreements. The author believes that related regulations, such as Copyright Law, Library Law and Fair Trade Act, should apply when e-resource agents are requested to modify the pricing models and licensing agreements. It is also vital for consortia to gain the support of the government and assistance from the Fair Trade Commission in order to improve the efficiency of consortia purchasing.

「科學技術基本法」與「政府科學技術研究發展成果歸屬及運用辦法」的公布，放寬大專院校與學術機構對於其研究成果運用的自主性，其中包括相關專利的歸屬問題。環境變化所產生的影響是各單位在專利策略以及對專利活動投入程度的改變。本文嘗試以專利計量方式分析獲得第一梯次「發展國際一流大學及頂尖研究中心計畫」補助的12所公私立大學在1995年至2006年間，以學校為申請人申請所獲得通過公告之中華民國專利，以了解各校的專利活躍程度。

Fundamental Science and Technology Act (FSATA) and Government Scientific and Technological Research and Development Results Ownership and Utilization Regulations (both similar to the Bayh-Dole Act) have had a major impact on university patenting strategies and activities. The aim of this study is to analyze the patenting activities of universities during the period 1995 to 2006 by taking the patent bibliometrics approach.

企業與其他機構和組織的互動是創新系統中重要的一環，組織間技術與資訊的交流有助於創新的產生，亦是影響產業發展的重要指標。而專利與學術文獻的書目計量學分析可顯現知識的分享與擴散情況，提供有限度的創新系統的績效指標，以觀察創新系統的發展活動概況。因此，本研究運用書目計量學的方法論由創新系統的觀點來看兩岸三地知識的散佈情況，並著重在知識生產及知識流動等方面來探討其相關的活動。實證資料的研究則收集資料探勘的學術文獻進行分析。研究結果顯示：知識生產力是香港地區的大學整體表現較佳，由機構間的合作網絡關係圖呈現主要是來自學術機構與研究單位間的合作，少數來自產業界的機構的知識合作。此外，中國的跨國知識交流活動較頻繁。

Interaction among enterprises and other organizations is essential to innovation systems, where the flow of technology and information can facilitate the generation of innovation and influence industry development. Bibliometric analyses of patent documents and academic publications can reveal the extent of knowledge sharing and diffusion, serving as a narrow performance indicator of innovation systems that also points to their overall development. Therefore, this study used bibliometrics to analyze knowledge production and flow in Taiwan, Hong Kong and China from the perspective of innovation systems, targeting the field of data mining with an empirical study. The results show that Hong Kong universities perform better in knowledge production. From the pattern of collaboration network, it is clear that collaborations happen more between universities and research institutes than between industrial organizations. Furthermore, the frequency of international collaboration in China shows there to be prominent knowledge flow in that innovation system.

本文所探討的焦點是設計出一套自動化的運作模型，讓各種機構能夠快速藉由資訊系統學習網路上的相關本體認知架構資訊，並且依照自身的需求與分類，建立適用於自身發展的概念性架構（concept hierarchy，或稱知識分類架構）。這樣的運作模型，能夠將多個既存的分類架構，如美國政府入口網站（US Government Portal）、LookSmart、開放目錄專案ODP（Open Directory Project）和Yahoo等等，以自動化的網頁擷取程式（Web spider），收集各個本體認知架構下相關的網頁以及附加資訊。然後依照網頁所存在的階層架構以及網頁內容，進行特徵學習。然而，本文提出的方法將採用不同於傳統的分類學習方式，希望可以藉由使用者表達的預設需求，進行使用者所提供內容的導引式分群。這樣的運作方式，是將大量已經分類過的資訊，藉由特徵資訊的萃取，作為特定領域的專業註解，使得分類結果更能夠貼近使用者的期望。

This paper discusses the automatic concept hierarchy generation process for specific knowledge network. Traditional concept hierarchy generation uses hierarchical clustering to group similar terms, but the result hierarchy is usually not satisfactory for human recognition. Human-provided knowledge network presents strong semantic features, but the generation process is both labor-intensive and inconsistent in a large scale hierarchy. The method proposed in this paper combines the results of specific knowledge network generation and automatic concept hierarchy generation to produce a human-readable, semantic-oriented hierarchy. This generation process can efficiently reduce the efforts of manual classification, an exhausting task for human beings. An evaluation method is also proposed in this paper to verify the quality of the result hierarchy.

圖書館館藏的建置除了由館員負責選書之外，應該積極鼓勵讀者的參與。隨著網路時代的來臨，不少圖書館提供讀者更方便的管道，亦即可經由網路推薦圖書的服務。然而網路推薦的便利性，促使讀者圖書推薦資料量迅速成長，在處理上因館員作業負荷增加而衍生問題。為尋求較佳的運作方式，筆者調查分析臺灣30所大學圖書館網頁上實施圖書推薦服務的相關資訊，以網頁上呈現的服務名稱、網頁位置、資料類型、介面設計、推薦辦法或說明、推薦結果通知管道等六大項為觀察項目，並提出結論與建議，擬做為日後經營是項服務的參考。

The development of library collections relies on not only professional selections by librarians but also requests by library users. With the prevalence of the Internet, many libraries now provide the purchase request service online. However, the convenience of this service has led to a serious increase of workload for the librarian. For the future development of purchase request services, the authors investigated and analyzed the websites of 30 academic libraries in Taiwan, focusing on six issues: name of the service, location of the service within the website, data type, interface design, request policy and request result notification method, to offer some suggestions on their improvement.

透過近年的電子期刊使用研究文獻可知，電機領域是使用電子期刊最頻繁的學科領域，而「從事研究」更為電機領域使用電子期刊的重要目的。本文透過半結構式訪談法訪問國立臺灣大學電機資訊學院15位教師，並從中分析電資領域教師的研究歷程階段、電子期刊在各研究階段所扮演的角色、以及電子期刊的使用經驗與建議等。研究結果顯示：(1)電機與資訊領域教師之研究歷程大致分為「發掘問題」、「了解相關研究」、「定義問題」、「尋求解決方案」、「設計」、「實作」、「結果分析」、「論文撰寫與發表」等八個階段；(2)電子期刊對其從事研究之重要性以及所帶來之幫助與影響隨研究階段有所不同；(3)電機與資訊領域教師搜尋電子期刊論文之管道多為網路搜尋引擎，而大多電機與資訊領域教師習慣印出電子期刊閱讀，且閱讀順序與詳簡程度皆有所不同；(4)電機與資訊領域教師使用電子期刊過程中之困擾主要有「使用介面」、「保存」、「收錄範圍」、「使用權」、「設備」、「權威性」六方面。

According to recent literatures on E-journal use, the most frequent users of E-journals are from the field of electrical engineering, with "research" their most important purpose of using E-journals. Through interviews with 15 faculty members of the College of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS) at National Taiwan University (NTU), this study analyzed the stages in their research process to understand the role of E-journals during each stage, and also found out the interviewees' experience with using E-journals and learned their suggestions. The results indicate that E-journals are one of the most important resources of research information for EECS faculty members, playing a different role in each stage of their research process.

透過網際網路超文件連結，將使用者由書目資料連接到電子館藏資訊，已經是重要的圖書館服務內涵之一。科技的創意發展，使得螢幕上的閱讀與紙面上的閱讀差距也已經變得很小，不過電子寫作與閱讀中的一項主要優點就是「超文件特性」，這項特質究竟能夠在那些方面讓讀者受惠？超文件的非線性本質如何與複雜迂迴的論述相配合呢？而超文件的架構是否會令使用者迷惑甚至迷失在其中呢？為了探討超文件的特質；超文件閱讀與紙本式閱讀的差異；與其在資訊搜尋行為上所造成的影響，本研究利用觀察法與個人訪談法，針對21位大學部與研究所學生進行調查，研究發現超文件閱讀者約可區分為知識追尋者、功能探索者與冷漠使用者等三種類型，而學科主題與個人興趣是超文件資訊搜尋行為的重要影響因素，而大多數的學生對於電子書的超文件架構均抱持正面的觀感。

One of the most innovative library services to evolve in the Internet era is reference linking, the capacity to transmit bibliographic data through hypertext links and to connect users with the full richness of electronic collections with ease. The development of information technology has shortened the distance between online reading and reading printed media. However, how can hypertextuality, one of the most prominent characteristics of online reading and writing, benefit information users? How can the nonlinearity of hypertext become compatible with the complexity of textual contents? Will the structure of hypertexts make users lost and confused? In order to explore these issues relating to the characteristics of hypertext, how hypertext compares with printed texts and its impact on information users, this study utilized observation and interviews to collect data from 21 college students. Three types of hypertext readers are identified by navigational profile: the knowledge seeker, the feature seeker and the apathetic hypertext user; subject matters and individual interests are found to have an impact on information seeking behavior in the hypertext environment; and most of the college students are seen to hold positive views towards the hypertext structure in electronic books.