圖書館評鑑

本文檢視組織學習理論和圖書館評鑑相關文獻，並進行系統性整理—耙梳重點，釐清脈絡，摘取經典，啟發思辯，旨在促使相關研究者更加瞭解組織學習與圖書館評鑑兩者之關聯，循其軌跡，觀其影響，提出更為合理有效之理論模式。 從圖書館評鑑的方向思考，評鑑的過程和功能理應涵納組織學習的意義，試圖營造圖書館成為學習型組織。為達此目的，評鑑設計者、評鑑執行者、評鑑決策者和被評鑑之組織都應具備共識，從制度面、領導面、執行面和學習面自我檢驗，期改善評鑑水準，奠定組織良性體質，裨益於圖書館永續發展。

This paper examines some of the current discussion in the literature of organizational learning theory and library evaluation, from which to derive a better understanding of how library evaluation can assist in the improvement of libraries as learning organizations. The theoretical work of Argyris and Schon (single-loop and double-loop learning) and Crossan, Lane and White (the cognitive processes of intuiting, interpreting, integrating and institutionalizing) was considered, together with that of later theorists. Emphasis in the literature is collectively placed on the role of individuals within organizations, and how the organizations themselves should be a product of the creativity of those individuals and the enabling organizational structures. Library evaluation plays or should play a critical role in both enabling libraries to become learning organizations in this sense, and sustaining such continuing organizational development. In general there has been insufficient attention to how library evaluation can be effectively integrated in the library as a continuing planning and responding process. A more sophisticated approach must be taken, especially in view of the increased challenges and responsibilities which academic libraries are now facing.

圖書館評鑑是行政與管理程序中重要步驟之一。然而，績效評估在學術圖書館之施行，因理論抽象和步驟繁瑣而推行不易；因此本文介紹三本學術圖書館績效評估之實用手冊，作為學術圖書館實施績效評估之參考。

Library evaluation is very important in the administrative and management process of a library. But due to the abstract in theory and complexity in practice, the academic library is very difficult to implement it. This paper introduces three books to be used as working manuals to implement the performance measurement in academic libraries.

評鑑是任何組織欲檢測機構的目標與行為，並建立優先順序流程時的基本要素。而以此方式蒐集相關資源與資訊，各種計劃與行動將可以有效地且效率地達成。CIPP評鑑模式是背景評鑑（context evaluation）、輸入評鑑（input evaluation）、過程評鑑（process evaluation）、成果評鑑（product evaluation）四種評鑑方式的縮寫。目前教育評鑑一般是採用CIPP模式，分別從四個向度評鑑，一直有很好的評價。故本文從CIPP評鑑模式談起，包括評鑑的意義、目的與功能，CIPP評鑑概述及其在圖書館評鑑的應用。

Evaluation is an essential component for any organization intending to modify its goals, objectives, and establish priorities. Various programs and activities can be accomplished effectively and efficiently by using resources gained from this evaluation. CIPP stands for the four models of evaluation: context evaluation, input evaluation, process evaluation, product evaluation. At present, the CIPP models are widely used in the area of education evaluation. This paper tries to give a general introduction of CIPP evaluation, its definition and purposes, and its application in library evaluation.

標竿學習（Benchmarking）於1970年代末期由美國全錄公司（Xerox）開始採用並倡導此觀念後，與所選定的「標竿」組織相互比較，遂成為各企業組織用來評估及改善其工作流程、產品品質、營運績效等的一種方式。本文透過對標竿學習理論的介紹，瞭解其意義與目的，分析標竿學習之類型與進行程序，並探討其應用於圖書館組織之方式，期望將此套管理界施行已久之理論帶入圖書館組織中，為圖書館日後進行業務評鑑時提供另一種管道與思考方向。

Benchmarking was first adopted by Xerox Corporation in the late 1970s. Since then, benchmarking has been used by managers in different industries to evaluate and improve the quality of their products, work process and procedure, and work performance. This paper tries to explain the meaning and purpose of benchmarking, its step-by-step process, and its application in library organizations.