Vol.1 No.4

隨著資訊時代的來臨，電腦資訊檢索系統之重要性與日俱增，而良好系統之設計與評估實有賴對讀者相關判斷行為之研究。在影響相關判斷的眾多因素中，文獻展現次序這項變數是系統所易於控制的，且許多研究發現，訊息呈現次序的不同可能導致受試者判斷結果產生改變，因此對文獻展現次序進行深入探討實有其必要性。有鑑於此，本文首先對文獻展現次序所造成之「次序效應」進行文獻分析，並以本土化之實證研究驗證次序效應中之「賭注效應」，同時以多種筆數之文獻組設計觀察文獻筆數對次序效應產生之影響，以期對資訊檢索系統之設計有些許助益。

Among the numerous variables which influence relevance judgment, document presentation order has been attested to be actually influential by many studies. Since this variable is easy to be controlled by automated information retrieval system, it deserves our more attention and discussion. There are three points in this article: (1) to review the literature on "order effects", which is induced by document presentation order; (2) to verify the hypothesis of "hedging effect", which is one kind of order effect, by a two-stage experiment; and (3) to identify the relationship between number of document and hedging effect.

WWW版電子報的超文件、超連結及多媒體的特性和傳統報紙大不相同，除了省去報紙儲存空間、立即的電子新聞傳送、提供個人化報紙外，還提供資料庫檢索的功能。從資料使用的觀點來看，內容龐雜的報紙資料經整理建立資料庫後，將方便資料的保存及查詢。本文將就電子報的定義、特色及發展做一初步探討。

The features of hypertext , hyperlink and multimedia of WWW version electronic newspaper are very different from those of traditional newspapers. Electronic newspaper not only provides database searching but also saves a great amount of storage space . You can have the immediate delivery of electronic news which can be individualized. In terms of the usage of information, it will facilitate the information searching and preservation after building database from newspapers whose contents are various. This article will discuss preliminarily the definition , features and development of electronic newspaper.

近年來，由於電腦與通訊技術的快速發展，各種新媒體更是如雨後春筍般地出現，迅速地傳達各項資訊，在這個充滿媒體的資訊社會裏，大學圖書館在面對新媒體的衝擊下，為了維護其在大學裏原有的重要角色，在行動上必須改變以往靜態、被動的服務為積極、主動提供資源的服務；在資料的收藏範圍上亦必須容納更多的資訊時代產物，才能夠確實地協助與提供教學和研究活動。本文試圖從視聽媒體在教學與學習上所扮演的角色和視聽(媒體)中心的服務層次，闡明在資訊與多媒體時代裏，大學圖書館視聽(媒體)中心的定位與任務，以及其所應達成的服務層次。此外，並以國立臺灣大學圖書館新館所規劃的視聽服務為例，來探討未來大學圖書館視聽服務的新方向。

Recently, Due to the rapid development of computer and telecommunication technology, many kinds of new media, such as CD-ROM, VCD, Interactive software, etc. are appeared and which are greatly impacting on the society. In the coming information and multimedia age, the universtiy libraries must provides new media collections and services to meet the teaching ,learning & research needs. The purpose of this paper is to discuss what kinds of audio-visual and media services shall be provided by the university library in the information age. Firstly, the author emphasizes the importance of AV & media resources in instructional process; Secondly, interduces the role of university library media center; and finally, describes the future planning of media services at the National Taiwan University Library.

本文主要目的在於探討圖書館在規劃設計大團體視聽室時，需要注意的一些規劃原則。包括選擇場地時，所需要考慮的一些場地形狀比例與視、聽效果有關的因素之討論。在規劃與設計時，有關銀幕位置、大小的需求以及觀賞座位的安排原則。以及場地裝潢在聲響效果如吸音、反射、擴散與隔音等方面的處理原則，與控制室與設備上的規劃原則等。

The purpose of this paper is to introduce and discuss issues and principles concerning planning and design of large group AV viewing room or auditorium in libraries. Issues such as relationship between room shape, size, ratio (length: width: height) and acoustic as well as visual effect are discussed. Principle concerning screen and seat arrangement and interior acoustic treatments are introduced, together with discussions on design principles for control room, equipment configuration, air-condition system and other logistics.

影響圖書館建築發展的因素很多，能否為規劃設計者提供充份而適切的資訊（料）是其中重要的項目。目前國內有關圖書館建築方面的資料尚停留在提供基本資料的階段。換言之，國內尚缺乏以用後評估結果為主的參考性資料。用後評估資料是有系統的彙整圖書館的使用者（包括館員）對館舍中各種硬體設施的使用後意見。這些資料可以幫助設計者做成合乎需求與理想的決策，並為館員提供充份的資料以便與設計者講通。缺少了這類的資料，設計者較不易做成適切而合乎需求的決定，甚至重蹈前人的覆轍，浪費設計資源，阻礙了圖書館在建築發展上的進步。想要解決這些的問題，一方面應鼓勵相關的研究工作以發掘更多的資料，另一方面須促使研究資料的公開與交流，使圖書館界與建築界能充份的利用這些資料以互蒙其利從而提昇圖書館在硬體方面的品質與服務績效。

The insufficient information to designers for decision-making is one of the important factors which influenced the performance of facilities in libraries. Now, most information used in library design are still in the form of basic data as Building Standards. So, it is obviously that the lack of reference information as the results of Post-Occupancy Evaluation（POE）in library is so serious in design process. For lack of reference information these results will occur as designers will make more assumptions instead of decisions with real evidences, and they may make the same mistakes the other designer had done before in libraries. It will also waste the resources of design office and abstract the progression in library buildings . Two ways may solve the problems, one is to encourage researchers to find out more data and information in POE for designs & librarians, the other one is to offer more opportunities for researchers, scholars, and librarians to communicate with designers for the use and development of this kind information.

實體環境對顧客的行為和顧客滿意的影響，已經廣為服務管理者所重視。本文旨在介紹實體環境對顧客和員工行為的影響，探討實體證據，或稱之為服務基架，對外部行銷目標和內部組織目標的達成可以產生的助益。最後檢視服務業的研究成果，提出服務基架在圖書館管理和研究上的意涵。

The impact of service providers’ physical evidence (environments) on customer behavior and satisfaction has recently gained the attention of some services marketers. The primary purpose of this paper is to explore the impact of physical evidence on the behaviors of both customers and employees, and to illustrate the ability of the physical evidence, particularly the servicescape, to facilitate achievement of organizational as well as marketing goals. By reviewing the researches conducted in service industries, the author highlights key managerial and research implications.

設計良好的圖書館有賴妥善的建築規劃。圖書館建築規劃工作的目的在彙整所有和建築設計相關的資料，以及館方和使用者對該館舍在硬體設計上的需求和期望，以作為設計者在工作上的重要參考，而建築師的要務則在詳細了解建築規劃書的內容並將其具體化。本文試從館員的角度，以自身經驗來探討圖書館建築規劃及設計發展的一些問題，如資訊科技對圖書館建築規劃之影響、空間配置之考慮等，以供同道參考。

Library building projects are complex endeavors. Nearly every successful library building project be based on well building planning. Library building planning is instructions to architect, providing and analyzing all the essential information and library‘s functional needs required for designing the structure. The architect will translate the program statement into the schematic design. For the author‘s library building experiences, this article is in the librarian’s opinions to discuss some questions in the process of building planning and designing.

美國NII計劃已促使美國各州資訊網路發展計劃快速進展。根據美國各州資訊網路計劃內容分析發現，美國欲藉由資訊網路克服地理時空限制，以擴大資訊服務範圍；而部份州立的資訊網路發展計劃是該州電信政策或計劃之一部份；計劃內容強調資源整合與州內資訊資源共享；重視經費的籌措；各州資訊網路發展計劃深具特色。建議我國大學圖書館未來應朝向早日完成自動化各種作業，組織資訊網路推動小組並研擬短中長期發展計劃，推動館際間網路資源共享計劃，確立長期發展所需經費，及加強館員在職教育訓練等發展方向。

In United States of America, National Information Infrastructure has leading various states to develop their Web plan. From reviewing the contents of Web connectivity of 46 states in America, there are five features , including the expansion of information services through Internet; many states' Web plan being part of state's telecommunication developing plans or policies; emphasis on integrating and sharing state's information resources; the establishment of sufficient finances for Web development; and many special features available in states' Web plan. It suggests that university libraries of Taiwan in the near future should be: 1. to enhance library automation systems; 2. to organize committee to promote Web developing plan; 3. to extend library resource sharing through Internet; 4. to fund sufficient budget for long-term development; 5. to provide ongoing professional training and education for librarian.