陳光華

網站典藏是一個新興的概念，主要是為了保留瞬息萬變且具文化歷史意涵的網站網頁，近幾年國外已經逐步發展且建立了一些網站典藏系統，然而對於國內的圖書館員來說，卻仍然是一個比較不熟悉的議題。臺灣大學圖書館關注網站典藏的發展已經有很長的一段時間，決定於2006年起著手研發網站典藏系統，期間雖然面臨不少的困難與挑戰，但是也發展了對應的策略。本文介紹國外的網站典藏計畫，再說明臺灣大學網站典藏系統的研發過程、實作細節、問題與困難，期盼分享網站典藏的技術與經驗，提供大家參考。

Web archiving is an emerging concept whose main purpose is to preserve web-sites of cultural or historical significance. In this paper, we describe the NTU Web Archiving System, NTUWAS, that was developed by the National Taiwan University Library and launched in 2006. In order to help readers not be familiar with web archiving, we give a brief survey of current web archiving activities in the world. We then describe the implementation and functionalities of NTUWAS, as well as the difficulties and problems that we encountered when carrying out this project.

資訊檢索研究的目的在解決人類對於資訊的需求，發展至今不斷地消除一道道的資訊藩籬。隨著電腦網路的普及，網際網路快速地深入世界的每一個角落，普羅大眾對於「世界村」觀念感同身受的同時，語言的藩籬變得具體而殘酷，使用者很難檢索「不同文」的文獻資料。本文說明資訊檢索的語言藩籬，討論目前語言技術用於處理語言藩籬的可能方案，並且比較現有超越語言藩籬的資訊檢索系統與傳統資訊檢索系統之間的系統績效。

The purpose of research for information retrieval (IR) is to fulfill information need. IR has eradicated many information barriers from the very beginning. With the fast development of computer networks, the Internet has turned the world into a global village. But when the Internet users try to locate documents in different language, the once implicit language barrier becomes real and crucial. This paper attempts to explore the language barrier underlying the process of information retrieval, the possible solutions of this barrier, and a comparison of the performance of cross-language information retrieval and monolingual information retrieval systems.

資訊檢索研究的目的在解決人類對於資訊的需求。然而，隨著不同資訊型態的出現，資訊檢索的技術亦逐漸多樣化，以適應各種型態的資訊。本文說明透過元資料進行檢索，可以適用於各種型態的資訊，故可稱之為資訊檢索核心技術。作者並探討三種不同層次的元資料：靜態權威元資料、動態權威元資料、個人化元資料，及其可能的應用方式。

The purpose of researches for information retrieval is to fulfill the information need. The various techniques for information retrieval are proposed to adapt to the diversified information types. This paper manages to deliberate the importance of metadata and suggests that information retrieval via metadata be applied to various types of information. From this viewpoint, the technique of information retrieval via metadata could be regarded as the core technique. In addition, the author also discusses three levels of metadata: statically authority-controlled metadata, dynamically authority-controlled metadata, and user-oriented metadata.

由ISI機構提供的各項引用文獻資料庫的高使用率，可知學術期刊的引用文獻資料一直受到學術界的重視。然而，ISI收錄的中文期刊比率甚低，無法反映中文期刊引用的真實情形。中國大陸地區對於中文學術期刊引用資料庫的建置工作比臺灣早起步，分別於1996年與1999年出版光碟版CSCI與CSSCI引用文獻資料庫。國科會則於1996年進行TSCI的先導型計畫，並於1999年在中央研究院與國立臺灣大學分別成立社會科學研究中心與人文學研究中心，並進行國內社會科學期刊與人文學期刊引用文獻資料庫的建置工作。本文說明國內外引用文獻資料庫的發展現況，包含美國、中國大陸、臺灣等地區目前的各種引用文獻資料庫，提供國內學界參考。

The high utility rate of citation index databases provided by ISI vindicates the fact that academic journals have long been highly valued by researchers. However, Chinese journals contained in ISI are few, and cannot reflect how Chinese academic journals are being used. Mainland China initiated projects to construct databases and published CD-ROMs on Chinese Science Citation Index (CSCI) in 1996 and Chinese Social Science Citation Index (CSSCI) in 1999. In Taiwan, the National Science Council also initiated a pilot project to construct Taiwan Science Citation Index (TSCI) in 1996, and set up in 1999 two research centers-Science Research Center, and Humanities Research Center-jointly with Academia Sinica and National Taiwan University, whose task is to construct Taiwan Social Science Citation Index (TSSCI) and Taiwan Humanities Citation Index (THCI). This article describes the development and construction of various citation index databases in ISI, Mainland China, and Taiwan.

知識管理是新世紀的主要議題，知識工作者則是主導了知識經濟的發展。圖書館身為提供資訊與知識的供應者，亦開始接受知識管理概念，並利用知識管理系統，來為使用者提供更好的服務。本文首先釐清知識、知識管理的概念，並討論何謂知識管理系統，分別探討其定義及應具備的功能；最後舉美國Rutgers大學圖書館之知識管理系統CKDB為例，說明知識管理系統於學術圖書館運作的現況。

Knowledge management is an important issue in this new century and knowledge worker plays a leading role in the development of knowledge economy. Library, the provider of information and knowledge, uses the concept of knowledge management and knowledge management system in order to offer better services for its users. This article first defines the terms of knowledge, knowledge management, and knowledge management system (KMS) and then introduces the KMS and CKDB systems in Rutgers University as an example to illustrate the operation of KMS in academic libraries.

數位物件辨識系統(Digital Object Identidfier System, DOI System)為一可在數位環境下獨特辨識、描述與連結智慧產物的系統。本研究參考DOI系統架構，依據國內之環境實際建置一套〈LIPS-DOI〉系統，包含列舉、描述與解析模組。以延伸標記語言(Extensible Markup Language, XML)為基礎發展詮釋資料架構，以簡單都柏林核心集(Simple Dublin Core)作為核心應用描述檔案格式，並提供代理解析服務。

The Digital Object Identifier (DOI) system is a system for identifying and ex-changing intellectual property in the digital environment. With reference to the DOI's framework, an experimental system named based on Taiwan's environment is reported in this article. This system mostly resembles the DOI system in its three modules: numbering, metadata and resolution. The system framework is based on XML technology, the Dublin Core is used as the Application Profile, and a resolution proxy service is provided as well.

機構典藏系統保存學術機構的研究成果，並作為使用者取得學術研究成果的新管道，已是現代學術圖書館必須積極推動的資訊服務。目前臺灣各大專校院在教育部的推動下，紛紛建置各自的機構典藏系統，已充分展現各自的研究特色與學術影響。為了以臺灣作為一個主體，向國際學術社群展現臺灣整體的學術成果與研究能量，建置一機構典藏共享平台，被視為現階段臺灣機構典藏發展的重點。「臺灣學術機構典藏（Taiwan Academic Institutional Repository，簡稱TAIR）」的建置與發展，是遵循著「分散建置、整合應用」的精神，建構整合的跨機構的學術成果典藏與共享平台系統，呈現出臺灣學術機構典藏的豐富面貌，共同分享臺灣各大專校院的學術研究成果，最大化臺灣的學術能量。本文將介紹國際上相關平台系統的發展，說明臺灣學術機構典藏共享平台的發展與功能，討論系統平台的建置過程與實作經驗，分享機構典藏共享平台的建置技術、遭遇的困難與挑戰。

The institutional repository (IR) preserves the research outputs of academic institutions and provides a new channel for accessing scholarly information. It has become a “must-have” information service of any university library or academic library, with many universities creating their own independent repositories. Funded by the Ministry of Education, Taiwanese Institutional repositories enable each university to demonstrate their specialties and academic achievements. To further unify research resources and demonstrate the academic prowess of Taiwan, an “umbrella” organization was established to integrate the nation’s institutional repositories. The founding ethos of the Taiwan Academic Institutional Repository (TAIR) was “distributed construction, integrated application” with the objective of harvesting resources from all IR systems and then forming an academic portal in order to share research results. This article considers related systems from around the world, examines the features of TAIR and discusses the challenges faced during its development, implementation and technical evolution.