Vol.2 No.4

近幾年圖書館的OPAC系統服務建設，雖可讓讀者時空無礙的連線查詢，但不同的圖書館採用的系統並不一致，使用者必須面對不同的操作畫面與使用上的些許差異，而查詢時也必須一一連線才得以進行。為改善此種缺點，本文透過系統實作方式，探討在WWW架構下，利用免費的軟體開發符合Z39.50資訊檢索標準的OPAC系統，並使其具備近似自然語言查詢功能的過程，並說明其中可能遭遇的困難或隱含的問題，以作為其他單位的參考。希望本文的內容，對推廣Z39.50資訊檢索標準的運用與服務，有所助益。

Recent development in OPAC systems have made search and retrieval of library catalogs anywhere, anytime possible. However, due to the discrepancies among different systems, users have to face different interfaces and usage. Furthermore, searching among several OPAC systems requires serial connection to one after another. To overcome this problem, this article discusses an implementation of an OPAC system based on the WWW and Z39.50 protocols. The implemented OPAC system allow multi-database search and natural language-like queries, thus reducing the tedious work and difficulties in query formulation. Possible problems encountered in developing such a system are discussed. It is hoped that the implementation experiences will help other libraries in establishing a similar Z39.50 service.

國家圖書館接受教育部指導所執行的「全國博碩士論文摘要專案計畫」，其主要目的乃在於將我國的博碩士論文予以彙整，建立國內博碩士論文資訊系統，以最快速、便捷的方式提供全國各級研究人員及使用者，透過電腦網路建檔、查詢博碩士論文資訊之外，進而，建立國內最新、最完整的中文博碩士論文資訊系統，免費提供各界使用者一手的線上研究資源。藉由全國博碩士論文摘要專案計畫與共建共享機制之順利推展，我們將可透過此一線上資料庫，展現國內歷年來高等學術研究成果，進而掌握未來國內學術研究脈動。

The National Central Library received a grant from the Ministry of Education to develop a collaborative "National Theses Abstract Search System Project". Its primary goal is to encourage students from the graduate schools around the country to upload their dissertation information directly to the system. Once the information sent, it can then be searched online by full-text, title, author, administering professor, or keywords immediately. Abstracts, references, and other related information are also provided. This system provides the most comprehensive and up-to-date information of its kind, and can be accessed online free of charge. This project can accelerate the presentation of the research results of higher education through the online collaborative mechanism, and monitor the nation-wide research trends.

透過更密切之館際合作文獻供應是因應當前國內各館書刊經費及期刊平均10%年漲幅之要徑。但貸出服務相當集中於少數圖書館，成為其重要負擔.本文旨在利用固定成本、變本成本及損益兩平之觀念來計算合理之定價模式。公平合理之計價才能鼓勵服務，方能達到真正資源共享。

To improve the financial difficulties among libraries in Taiwan caused by the average 10% inflation on books and periodicals each year, one feasible way is providing a closer is documentary delivery service. Currently, the Lending service is concentrated largely on few major libraries, rendering them a heavy burden. This study aims to utilize fixed cost, variable cost as will as loss and profit average (break-even point), to set up a reasonable price model, By establishing a fair charge model, the libraries can promote the inter-library service and reach virtual resources sharing.

本文旨在探討英國繳存制度對牛津大學巴德里圖書館館藏發展的影響情形。文中檢視自1610年該館首獲繳存本，至今將近四百年間，繳存制的濫觴，相關法令修立更替，引發的爭端，巴德里圖書館繳存本增長情形，存儲繳存本及提供校外人士使用情形。十九世紀後期開始，繳存本開始占入藏資料60-70﹪的情形，大致延續至今。穩定而大量的繳存本，是現今巴德里圖書館豐富館藏的主要來源，也使得英國的文化資產得以完整的保存傳承。

The article intends to probe into the relationship between Copyright deposits and the collection development in the Bodleian Library. Reviewing from the beginnings of the deposit system in England since 1610 to its recent practices, the author analyzes the heated protests and arguments while related laws were under revision, the privileged flow and increase of yearly accessions of deposits, the storage and retention of collections, and services to those scholars without direct connections with the Univertsity. Starting from the later half of the 19th century the copyright intake accounts for something between 60-70 % of the annual accessions. It demonstrates that the steady and large flow of deposit intake forms the major portion of the strong Bodleian collection, preserving of the precious national literature of the Great Britain.

網際網路中的電子資訊與傳統圖書館資源差異甚大，在邁入資訊網路社會的現在，國內各圖書資訊學系紛紛提供網路資源相關課程，期望學生在未來工作崗位上能夠勝任。本研究的目的為：一、調查國內外圖書資訊學相關系（所）開授「網路資源」相關課程的內容。二、調查我國開授「網路資源」相關課程之教師對課程的意見與建議。三、根據調查結果提出建議，做為我國圖書資訊學相關系（所）開授「網路資源」相關課程時之參考。

Considerable differences exist between information resources on the Internet and those in the traditional libraries. In order to train students to be qualified for future work in the coming era of information network, most of the Department of Library and Information Science in Taiwan’s universities offer Internet Resources related courses. The purposes for this study are: 1) to study the content of "Internet Resources" related courses ; 2) to investigate lecturers' opinions and suggestions about these courses; and 3) to formulate suggestions for related courses in the future.

美國專利暨商標局（the United States Patent and Trademark Office, USPTO)的專利資訊檢索服務網站帶動了專利資料庫出版商的連鎖反應。IBM和MicroPatent也相繼推出了免費的專利資訊檢索網站，使得專利資訊搖身一變成為方便好用的資源，以免費的方式提供給全球各地上網的讀者利用。這項全新的資訊檢索服務也為館員帶來新的契機和挑戰。本文說明專利的特性、重要性、要件和種類，以及專利資訊檢索的步驟，並介紹Internet上的專利資訊服務系統，以利館員和讀者查檢時之參考。

The loading of the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) database on the Internet and World Wide Web (WWW) has set off a chain reaction with other patent database publishers. IBM and MicroPatent are to offer free commercial patent information via the Web. Patent information has never been so accessible, at such low cost， to so many end-users. This new accessibility has offered both opportunities and challenge for librarians. In this paper, the characteristics, importance, requirements and types of patents are discussed. Steps needed to perform a patent subject search are delineated. This studey also describes and different patent databases on the Internet, lists their strengths and weakness, and recommends the best free patent databases.

近年來國內大學校院經費持續縮減，而參考資料庫購置經費卻節節升高，各校莫不思以最少經費取得更多資料庫，於是合作建置參考資料庫遂成為各校之共同迫切需求。本文係以問卷調查、座談、訪問等方法，調查各校參考資料庫購置情形，彙整各校對合作方式之需求與意見，並分析國內現有合作共用資料庫現況與整合之問題。研究結果顯示，國內大學校院圖書館參考資料庫購置經費龐大且重覆性高，各校皆有意願參與合作計畫，而集中若干中心則是多數圖書館希望的合作建置方式。

Due to continuous budget cutting and rising cost of reference database, it has become a general concern for university libraries in Taiwan to develop strategies to acquire as many databases as possible in a cost-effective way. The cooperative approach is considered as a possible solution. The purpose of this study was to make proposals for this issue. Firstly, it surveyed reference database collection of university libraries in Taiwan; secondly, it analyzed and explored university libraries' needs and opinions regarding methods of cooperation. The result of the questionnaire survey and interview showed that university libraries spent a significant amount of money on the subscription of reference databases. It also revealed a high percentage of duplication among libraries. All university libraries expressed the willingness to participate cooperative program. To form regional centers was considered by most libraries as an appropriate strategy to achieve the goal.

在研究的過程，學術資訊的使用有助於定義問題、尋求解答與發表成果，是研究中相當重要的資源。近年來，由於研究問題的複雜往往需要不同學科的知識與方法，研究人員開始意識到科際整合研究的重要性。在本文中，我們從對科際整合研究不同的定義中，探討不同學科間學術資訊共享的重要性，並從傳播管道、學術語言及學術文化等三方面思考目前在科際整合研究上學術資訊共享的一些障礙與解決之道。在學術資訊的傳播管道上，我們希望從各種整合型研究團隊的發展，建立起穩定的非正式傳播管道。在學術資訊的語言問題上，索引典可以減少學科術語使用上的阻礙，因此需要致力於索引典自動產生方法的研究。而最重要的則是參與科際整合研究的人員需要提昇在本身學科上的研究成果，同時虛心接納其他學科從不同觀點得到的研究成果，才能全盤性的了解問題與探索最佳的解答。

Scholarly information is one of the most important resources for research activities. The use of scholarly information contributes to the defining of research problems, searching of possible solutions and publishing the research results. In recent years, with the rapid growth of the number of complex problems, it often requires knowledge and methodology from diverse disciplines to solve them. This paper discusses the significance of scholarly information-sharing among diverse disciplines from different definitions of interdisciplinary researches. Moreover, the study analyzes the problems and barriers of scholarly information sharing in interdisciplinary researches form the standpoints of communication channels, differences of scholarly languages used and diversity of scholarly cultures. Three possible solutions are presented. (1) Concerning the information communication channels, it is highly desirable to build informal channels from the development of various integrating research teams. (2) Respecting the problems arising form the use of terms in specific disciplines, thesauri can be used to solve them; therefore, it deserves careful study to find automated method for thesauri generation. (3) The researchers in interdisciplinary studies should try to strengthen ability in their own disciplines and refer to relevant publications in other disciplines to have a broader view of the issue in order to find better solution.