Vol.4 No.1

擬從使用者的角度去探討大學圖書館組織與服務之若干問題，以國立臺灣大學農學院的教授及博、碩士生為調查對象，由其資訊尋求行為及對圖書館服務的期望，探討以使用者為中心的大學圖書館之必要條件，使大學圖書館能提供專業及個人化的服務。綜合文獻及調查結果，提出若干建議供大學圖書館服務的參考，以達支援教學及研究的目標。

This study aims primarily at research into certain service issues in academic libraries. Questionnaires were sent to professors and graduate students of the College of Agriculture, National Taiwan University, as samples for surveying users' behavior and service expectations. The library will use the results of this investigation for all aspects of library planning, especially in terms of service patterns. It is hoped that the academic library can provide satisfactory, professional and personalized services to the users. This paper proposes several suggestions for supporting teaching and research in the community.

本文主要的目的乃在介紹簡略編目作業之起源、方式與其發展，並就簡略編目與書目品質間之爭議作陳述，核心書目或其主要趨勢與發展，但仍要建立共識與共同之標準，方能在不失書目記錄之質與提高編目作業之量間作最好的努力。

This paper aims to explain the issue of simplified cataloguing, focusing on its history, function, methods, and prospects. It discusses quality arguments against simplification and presents the current status of cataloguing in Taiwan.

本文基於使用者觀點，深入探討互動前後使用者檢索詞彙的變化情形與影響因素，以瞭解其檢索過程中變化行為背後的思考方式，並對系統設計或使用指導理念的改進有所啟示，進而節省時間精力的耗費，提高完成整個任務的效率。

This article explores types of changes in search terms and identifies factors influencing them during information retrieval interactions. Three types of changes are identified and seven main types of interactive feedback are developed as a framework to examine the factors influencing these changes. Implications for interface design of information retrieval systems and for further research are discussed.

今日在全球資訊網上傳遞著大量的文字、影像或動畫等不同的檔案格式，更由於聲音與視訊等檔案轉換技術的快速進展，使得聲音和視訊檔案的編碼和解碼，變得容易很多。然而傳統的全球資訊網架構，在網路上傳輸聲音與視訊資料是有其困難的。本文將討論如何建置一個穩定且能整合其他檢索系統的視訊伺服器。並介紹幾個國內、外頗著名的電子圖書館計畫。

Today, a vast amount of text, images, graphics, and animation are being hosted and delivered by the WWW. With rapid advances in audio and video technologies, more and more content will be encoded and delivered by means of audio/video in addition to texts and images. However, conventional Web servers are designed for data services and have no provisions for delivering continuous media such as audio and Vid-e-o. This paper presents the design and implementation of a stable digital video server which could display continuous-media along with traditional Web services. Finally, the paper gives some cases studies of an integrated electronic library, in order to propose an outline for the initiation of an electronic library.

因學術研究或興趣嗜好等不同動機而聚集的人們，透過電腦中介傳播(Computer Mediated Communication)媒體進行互動與聯繫、跨越時間及地理位置的阻隔，建立了與現實社群有別的「虛擬社群」(Virtual Community)。由於網際網路中成功的社群經營模式可以吸納臨界數量的成員並從中獲利，引起各類營利及非營利事業的對社群經營的重視。如為增加獲利能力而經營虛擬社群的網路服務提供者及電子商務企業，以及將現實與虛擬交融的公眾或營利的「社群網路」，發展獨特的社群經營策略。在圖書館界，「U S WEST」專門圖書館網站提出「知識分享」主張、維吉尼亞大學圖書館的「Electronic Text Center」將內容建置主權轉移給使用者等，為數位圖書館經營虛擬社群的創舉。本文探討網路文化中「虛擬社群」的特殊現象，並實例介紹經營虛擬社群的策略，盼圖書館界未來能將相關議題納入使用者研究及數位圖書館的建構藍圖中。

People with common interest or purpose, independent of geography and time, participate in computer-mediated social groups and create many kinds of virtual communities. Members can conduct commerce, exchange knowledge, share emotional support, or find friends in the virtual space. Since the population of virtual communities is growing fast, it provides good opportunities for e-commerce, real community development, and electronic libraries. This paper clarifies the concept and phenomena of virtual communities, and introduces operating strategies learned from some specific examples.

指定參考書是大學圖書館為支援教學提供的一項服務，在國外的利用率極高，卻常招來讀者的抱怨。本文由指定參考書服務在國外紙本作業環境下常見的問題及其電子化的動機為開端，接著敘述電子化指定參考書發展的歷史，並以ACORN，ERes，INNOPAC electronic reserve三個系統為例，說明在發展過程中，各單位在文件數位化、檔案傳輸列印、安全管理、版權管理等等方面得到的經驗。最後，本文嘗試將國外的經驗與國內的環境做一比較，以探討國內圖書館尚未出現類似計劃的原因。

This article begins with a description of a typical reserve collection in a foreign university library and the problems reserve librarians face in a print-based environment. It goes on to discuss how electronic reserve systems have emerged since 1991. Three electronic reserve systems: ACORN, ERes and INNOPAC electronic reserve module are described in detail to illustrate the research findings of some experimental projects. The experiences of a foreign reserve book room are quite different from those of our local libraries. The heavy usage rate and the inclusion of a high number of periodical articles are not seen in local reserve collections. That explains why electronic reserve projects have not yet emerged in Taiwan libraries.

人力不足一直是許多圖書館所共同面臨的問題。本文主要在探討美國學術圖書館之參考諮詢台，以採用工讀生之方式來解決此困難之經驗。首先，介紹諮詢組採用非專業館員之背後原因。接著探討其在採用工讀生時之相關經驗，包括工讀生之錄用、訓練方式、值台方式、工作內容及結果評估等。最後綜合本研究所得，提出諮詢台在採用工讀生時應注意之事項及可能衍生之問題。

Staffing shortages are a common problem in many libraries. Some university reference desks use student assistants to deal with this difficulty. This article describes the status of this practice in U.S. academic libraries and general approaches to problems encountered. First, we review the literature and then summarize U.S. academic libraries’ experiences in student assistants’ hiring, training, job defining, and performance evaluation. At the end of the paper, we highlight problems that should be noticed and suggest some ways to improve the quality of service.

專案管理是一種新的營建制度，近年來逐漸應用到公共工程與公共建築，本文主要探討如何應用專案管理興建圖書館建築，以及此種營建制度如何有利於圖書管理行政與建築工程兩種專業領域。

Project management is a new kind of constructive system, which can gradually be applied to public works and building construction. This paper discusses the application of project management for the construction of new library buildings. This kind of constructive system is very useful to the fields of library administration and building engineering.

臺灣地區自民國84年開放網際網路服務後，至今已達到二百萬人上網的記錄，而今年三百萬人上網目標預計也將提前達成。根據國內外數次網路的調查顯示，兩性上網人數有明顯的差距。雖然女性上網人數逐年成長，但仍不及男性上網的人數。由於網路對促進言論自由與民主具相當的影響力，因此兩性間參與網路的情況，勢必影響社會參與、權利分享，及言論自由等民主社會應有的權利義務關係。當今所謂的網際網路民主化即指網際網路不受使用者之性別、宗教、種族、階級，與黨派之不同的情況下，提供一個公平使用管道與相同使用權利的環境。本研究擬從男女兩性網路使用的人數、上網時間、使用動機，及對網路規範態度予以比較與探討。

Since the Taiwan Network was initiated in 1995, the number of net users is growing very fast. There were two million net users in 1998 and there will be approximately three million in 1999. However, according to several Internet investigations, the number of male users and female users is dramatically unequal. Although the number of female users is increasing constantly, the rate of increase of female users is still much lower than males' Democracy in computer-mediated communications, such as Internet or cyberspace, must offer access and communication equally and without status constraints. This study, which is based on an online network investigation done in 1986, compares differences between male and female users in terms of status, motivation, information needs, and network ethics.