資訊需求

隨著全球網際網路的發展與成長，國內許多文化機構紛紛計畫在網路上提供中文的資訊內容，政府方面也正朝向鼓勵發展數位博物館或電子圖書館的建置計畫。最早在台大發展的數位圖書館與博物館計畫「平埔探源」，其最終目的是要將台大圖書館中稀有的館藏與人類學系的獨特藏品加以數位化，以創造更有利的學術研究環境。對一個想要支援學術研究群體的數位圖書館，這些學者或研究人員將如何使用這類數位圖書館，特別是如何與獨特的資訊內容互動，是一個十分重要的議題。本文為筆者於臺灣地區從事台灣史料使用者資訊搜尋與使用研究之部份結果，針對古文書與檔案，探討平埔研究人員於真實的日常工作情境中的運用情形，並探討此一研究結果在資訊組織與檢索上的應用。

As a part of the national effort towards developing digital libraries, the NTU DL/M project has the initial goal of digitizing the scare historical records of Taiwan collected in the National Taiwan University Library, and some special collections from the Department of Anthropology, such as maps, photos, and articles of ethnic Taiwanese groups. These collections are raw materials valuable to the research community. But how those scholars or researchers make use of such a DL, especially how they interact with the information provided, is an important issue that has not been addressed. This paper reports the study of Taiwan research scholars, their tasks, activities and interactions with various resources. The results reveal why and how those scholars apply the tacit knowledge to their activities in order to acccomplish their tasks and in their use of resources such as historical records. Implications for system design and information organization are also discussed.

在醫療照護過程中，護理人員扮演著「資訊管理者」的角色，不只提供訊息予病患或病患家屬，更提供有關病患的資訊給健康小組的成員，作為健康照護決策的依據。隨著醫學的發達、科技的進步及人類對健康態度的改變，使護理人員必須不斷地參與研究、汲取專業知識，以改善護理工作品質，可見資訊對護理人員的重要性。本研究目的在針對護理人員進行問卷調查，以探求護理人員獨特的資訊需求與資訊尋求模式，並能和繼續教育的資源相配合；其次，瞭解護理人員處理資訊問題的技巧及常利用的資源，圖書館始能提供更符合需求、更有效的資訊服務。

Nurses play a role as information managers in health care delivery. They provide information for medical decision-making to patients and their families, and to the members of health care teams. Information is important to nurses. Along with advances in medicine developments in technology, and changes in attitudes towards health, nurses must continue to participate in research programs, and obtain more professional knowledge to improve the quality of their work.
Through questionnaires, this research examines the information needs and information-seeking behaviors of nurses. Second, the skills needed for information processing and the resources most commonly used by the nurses are also discussed. Therefore, libraries can provide more useful and more efficient information services to nurses.

近年來，圖書資訊學界暢議「使用者指向」的理念，並且咸認為是重要的議題，希望推行到實務運作上。然而，一個落實以使用者為中心的圖書資訊服務與系統設計，對於服務對象的情境與問題不能陌生或妄自臆測，必須根據植於對使用者之資訊需求與行為習性的瞭解。本文旨在從使用者的角度，以國立藝術學院為例，探討藝術教師之資訊行為。主要的目的是以情境的觀點，探討其從事藝術相關之工作任務、目標、情境特徵、接觸資訊資源種類和管道，以及工作任務、目標與資訊行為之關係，期有系統地瞭解藝術教師的資訊需求與行為特性，並探討此一研究結果在圖書資訊服務與系統設計上的應用。

This article examines the information behavior of art teachers from the user’s point of view, using the case of the National Institute of the Arts as an example. This study analyzes their tasks, goals, availability of information, activities and interaction with various resources as well as the correspondence between these subjects, aiming to understand the information needs and the characteristic behavior of art teachers. Implications of this study for information service and system design are also discussed.

本研究之目的在分析資訊需求者與計畫檢索者對於相同檢索問題在分類上的差異。本研究由10位資訊需求者提出檢索問題並進行檢索，再由31位計畫檢索者針對此10個問題進行59次檢索。本文主要在比較此10位資訊需求者與31位計畫檢索者對同一檢索問題在分類上的差異，並探討此差異對檢索行為所造成之影響。本研究對檢索問題分類上的差異係從檢索問題之複雜性、專指性、前提假定三構面進行分析。本研究發現，相較於資訊需求者，計畫檢索者認為同一檢索問題所認知的複雜性較高，專指性亦較高，並傾於直接將前提假定用來進行檢索。

The project is designed to analyze the difference of question classifications between two groups of people: the end-users who have real information needs and the prohect searchers. Ten end-users address their search questions and proceed to do the search, while 31-project searchers conduct 59 times of searching on the ten questions posed by the end-users. The main purpose of this paper is to compare the classification differences of the search questions in terms of their complexity, specificity, and presupposition. The result of this study reveals that the project searchers not only perceive the questions in a more complex and specific way but also tend to proceed the search directly by using presuppositions of questions.

近年來，國內外經濟環境急據變化，觀光事業的拓展帶來了餐旅業的蓬勃發展，造成餐旅業界人力需求大量增加，國內餐旅管理相關科系亦紛紛成立。餐旅管理學是一個橫跨飲學、旅館學、食品營養學、管理學、觀光學等學科的學門，國內外文獻均少見餐旅管理學系學生的資訊需求相關研究。圖書館是以讀者為導向的機構，不論圖書館的類型為何，其最高服務目標在於滿足讀者的資訊需求。因此，研究者以焦點團體訪談和問卷調查的方式，探討輔仁大學餐旅管理學系學生之資訊需求與資訊尋求行為，研究結果的討論期望提供圖書館參考，為這個領域的師生帶來更為完善的圖書資訊服務。

In recent years, hospitality and tourism education has been prosperously developed in Taiwan. The number of students in Restaurant, Hotel and Institutional Management Department have increased over the years. However, their information needs and information seeking patterns have been ignored in the library and information science literature. In order to explore their interdisciplinary information needs, focus group interviews and questionnaire survey were utilized in 2003 in order to find out information seeking behavior of Restaurant, Hotel and Institutional Management Department Students at Fu-Jen Catholic University, and the results from the study are provided for improving the quality of library and information services to students and faculty in the hospitality education field.

本研究旨在探討客家文化研究生之資訊尋求行為，研究對象為三校客家學院的學生。以深度訪談進行資料蒐集，並利用資訊視域之概念，邀請受訪者繪製個人資訊尋求過程，以瞭解客家文化研究生在學業情境中，資訊尋求的情形、資源的偏好以及影響資訊尋求的因素等。 本研究結果顯示，資訊尋求來自多種管道，首選資源超過一種。個人資訊視域會因不同狀況或人際因素產生改變，推薦型及聚焦型資源扮演資訊獲取之重要角色，個人對資訊認知會影響其資訊選擇與使用。

This study aims to explore the information seeking behaviors of graduate students for Hakka Studies. The research targets are graduate students from three Colleges of Hakka Studies. Depth interviews were employed in the research. This study applied the concept of information horizon. Therefore, the interviewees were requested to draw a map of their information horizon in research context in order to collect data about their information needs, their preferences for these resources and those factors which affect their information seeking behavior. The research result indicated that the search for information is carried out through various channels. There is more than one type of firstchoice resource. An individual’s information horizons might change due to different situations and interpersonal relationships. Recommendation or focus type resources play an important role in seeking information. Individuals with different information cognition might affect their information selection and use.