Vol.4 No.2

長久以來，圖書館的任務與使命在於蒐集各類傳統紙本印刷媒體資料與類比訊號之視聽媒體等資料以服務讀者。近年來，圖書館在面對各式電子資料、數位媒體以及網際網路的興起與普及的情況下，已開始改變原有的館藏發展政策，加強提供電子出版品服務，以滿足讀者的需求。在多媒體網路與數位化急速發展的趨勢下，圖書館必須瞭解並善用數位媒體發展趨勢與成果，時時發揮想像力，思索並開創新的服務，以開拓圖書館服務讀者的新境界。
對於未來數位圖書館的參考服務型式，筆者提出一些粗淺的想法，如：網上課程隨選服務、視訊參考服務、虛擬圖書館導覽服務、電子參考服務，以及線上廣播服務等，將是本文探討的重點。

With the emergence of new technologies that provide multimedia network services, libraries are no longer the lone providers of information. If libraries hope to lead information providers, libraries must understand the trend of digital media services and create new reference services for digital libraries in the future. Some reflections on new reference services, such as Course on Demand, Video Conferencing Reference Service, Virtual Library Tour, E-reference and online broadcasting service are introduced in the article.

本文分為四段，第一段首先記述英國警察扣押圖書館藏書，所引起的圖書檢查問題，接著記述法國極右派政黨控制法國南部四個公共圖書館的典藏政策，所引起的館藏泛政治化問題，並對兩者作一綜合觀察。第二段介紹IFAL於1999年3月所發布的「圖書館與知識自由宣言」(Statement on Libraries and Intellectual Freedom)，並闡釋宣言內有關知識自由、資訊自由與表意自由的意義與範圍。第三段介紹ALA與IFLA，兩者皆為圖書館界保衛知識自由之執行機構。第四段為省思，提到我國圖書館界在保衛知識自由方面可作的努力，分成圖書館員在選書者與檢查者之間的角色區分、圖書資訊教育的理念啟蒙與圖書館學會的領導與執行三方面論述。

There are four parts in this article. The first part discusses The Mapplethorpe Event which raised the question of censorship and academic freedom in Britain. In addition, The FN Event in France is discussed, in which political ideology intervened into library collection development. The second part introduces the full contents of “The Statement on Libraries and Intellectual Freedom”. The definitions of intellectual freedom, information freedom and the freedom of expression are explained further. The third part describes the establishment and main duties of ALA and IFLA. Both are executive organizations that safeguard intellectual freedom in the library world. The fourth part suggests three possible approaches for improving the climate of intellectual freedom in the libraries of Taiwan: the distinction between the role of book selectors and supervisors, the importance of educating library school students in the basics of library information, and the leadership and administrative role of the association of librarians.

大陸出版品之蒐集礙於兩岸關係之法律限制與大陸圖書出口之規定，比一般出版品不易取得，相對的，圖書館在採購相關資料上遇到許多的障礙，因此，圖書館間應多互通取得相關訊息並建立聯合目標，彼此交流，避免重複採購與人力之浪費。本文試藉由法規政策之演進與大陸圖書出版之概況來探討目前圖書館採購大陸出版品之困難，並概述圖書館針對大陸出版品合作交流之可行性。

The acquisition of Mainland publications is more difficult than other publications because of the restrictive laws and regulations relating to the export of Mainland Books. Libraries in Taiwan need to communicate more effectively, build union catalogs and avoid duplication and waste. This article discusses the difficulties involved in acquiring publications from the Mainland as well as the possibility of cooperation and the sharing of resources between libraries.

本研究主要的目的是希望透過實際調查的方法，瞭解目前我國大學校院圖書館使用WebPAC之情形，並從：(一)操作控制功能；(二)檢索點；(三)檢索與查詢；(四)輸出控制功能；(五)使用者輔助，以及(六)系統之連結與關係共六項，對各系統作一評估比較。期盼研究結果能提供國內大學圖書館選擇、設計或改善WebPAC系統時參考。

The purpose of this study is to understand the conditions of WebPACs in college and university libraries in Taiwan, R.O.C. The items compared according to functional capabilities and interface features include:(1)Operational control;(2)Access Points;(3)Search Formulation Control;(4)Output Control;(5)Online Helps; and(6)Connection with other systems. It is hoped that this study will help to select, design, and improve the function and interface of WebPACs.

本文介紹國內外著名網路書店發展現況，並以亞馬遜與邦諾兩大網路書店為例，先從經營者觀點比較其產品、價格、行銷通路，以及廣告與促銷活動等行銷策略，再從使用者角度比較其使用者介面、個人化服務，以及互動機制等網站功能；進而分析亞馬遜得以獨步全球的競爭優勢。此外，藉國內網路書店經營模式與行銷方法與亞馬遜成功經驗的比較與分析，冀能對華文網路書店未來發展有所助益。

The developing status of some famous international and domestic online bookstores is introduced in the present article. The marketing strategies of Amazon and Barnes & Noble are compared from the viewpoints of seller and buyer, respectively. The seller's viewpoints are discussed in terms of product, price, marketing place, and promotion, while the buyer's viewpoints are discussed in terms of product, price, marketing place, and promotion, while the buyer's viewpoints are discussed in terms of user interface, personalized service, and interactive mechanisms. Furthermore, various aspects of the competition domination of Amazon are analyzed. In comparison with Amazon's successful experience, the business models and the marketing strategies of domestic online bookstores are analyzed and reported. The reported results are expected to be helpful to the future development of Chinese online bookstores.

在醫療照護過程中，護理人員扮演著「資訊管理者」的角色，不只提供訊息予病患或病患家屬，更提供有關病患的資訊給健康小組的成員，作為健康照護決策的依據。隨著醫學的發達、科技的進步及人類對健康態度的改變，使護理人員必須不斷地參與研究、汲取專業知識，以改善護理工作品質，可見資訊對護理人員的重要性。本研究目的在針對護理人員進行問卷調查，以探求護理人員獨特的資訊需求與資訊尋求模式，並能和繼續教育的資源相配合；其次，瞭解護理人員處理資訊問題的技巧及常利用的資源，圖書館始能提供更符合需求、更有效的資訊服務。

Nurses play a role as information managers in health care delivery. They provide information for medical decision-making to patients and their families, and to the members of health care teams. Information is important to nurses. Along with advances in medicine developments in technology, and changes in attitudes towards health, nurses must continue to participate in research programs, and obtain more professional knowledge to improve the quality of their work.
Through questionnaires, this research examines the information needs and information-seeking behaviors of nurses. Second, the skills needed for information processing and the resources most commonly used by the nurses are also discussed. Therefore, libraries can provide more useful and more efficient information services to nurses.

近年來，圖書資訊學界暢議「使用者指向」的理念，並且咸認為是重要的議題，希望推行到實務運作上。然而，一個落實以使用者為中心的圖書資訊服務與系統設計，對於服務對象的情境與問題不能陌生或妄自臆測，必須根據植於對使用者之資訊需求與行為習性的瞭解。本文旨在從使用者的角度，以國立藝術學院為例，探討藝術教師之資訊行為。主要的目的是以情境的觀點，探討其從事藝術相關之工作任務、目標、情境特徵、接觸資訊資源種類和管道，以及工作任務、目標與資訊行為之關係，期有系統地瞭解藝術教師的資訊需求與行為特性，並探討此一研究結果在圖書資訊服務與系統設計上的應用。

This article examines the information behavior of art teachers from the user’s point of view, using the case of the National Institute of the Arts as an example. This study analyzes their tasks, goals, availability of information, activities and interaction with various resources as well as the correspondence between these subjects, aiming to understand the information needs and the characteristic behavior of art teachers. Implications of this study for information service and system design are also discussed.

分類檢索是網路書店提供的重要查詢功能之一，由於每家使用的分類法皆不一樣，所以使得很多相同主題的書卻放在不同的類目下，造成民眾在連結兩家以上的網路書店後，進行查詢時會產生選用類目的困擾。本文認為我國網路書店可仿效圖書館界，使用中國圖書分類法做為相關檢索點採用的標準，再配合預行編目(CIP)的分類資料，即能達到一致性的查詢介面，增進民眾使用分類檢索的精確率。而網路書店的經營者在網路購書行為日益增多的環境中，實應主動整合目前各行其是的分類法，才能掌握更好的發展機會。

Classification schemes have served as one of the major searching functions of the online bookstore. However, because there are quite a few classification schemes being used among online bookstores, books of the same field are likely to be placed under different subject headings in different online bookstores. Consequently the searcher may have difficulties in selecting subject headings if he uses more than one online bookstore. The author suggests that local online bookstores may use the New Classification Scheme for Chinese Libraries as the source for search keys. Together with the use of the CIP classification data, search interfaces can, in this way, be more coherent and the accuracy in subject searching raised. Managers of online bookstores should aggressively integrate the various classification schemes being used in order to improve the service of the industry as a whole.

圖書館設置網站之後，為了瞭解使用情形與提昇網站的效能，有必要對網站進行評估，本論文介紹了利用網站工作記錄來作為評估資訊的方法。這種量化的方法具有客觀和經濟的優點，可以配合調查研究法得到更實際的評估。在本論文中，我們介紹了網站工作記錄的格式與從中抽取的訊息，並以一個大學圖書館的網站作為例子，實際分析在網站上的一些使用情形。從例子中，可以發現網站工作記錄上的資訊與網站使用者的特性有密切的關係，因此是相當重要的評估資料。

After a library establishes its web site, evaluation is very important to understand the use of the web site and to improve the site performance. This paper introduces an evaluation method using the information extracted from web log files. This quantitative method is objective and economic and can be used in conjunction with other methods of survey research. In this paper, the format of web logs and the information that can be extracted from them are introduced. We also present an example of log files obtained from a real web site established by a university library to analyze the use of the site. Analysis of this example points to a close relation between the information carried by the log files and the use of the web site. Therefore, analysis results of the log files are important to evaluate a web site.