Vol.3 No.4

大學圖書館主要目的在於支援教學和研究，尤其在資訊發達之今日，如何能更有效地組織、利用資訊，將是一門重要課題。為增快使用者掌握所需資訊的速度，針對其需求施予圖書館利用指導是必要的，若想將其效用發揮極致，也必須對圖書館利用指導本身進行評鑑，以瞭解使用者真正的需求和實施步驟的優缺點。本文即針對大學圖書館中，所實施的利用指導教育類型、方式加以說明，並討論可行的評鑑步驟。

User instruction is important in academic libraries. With the increasing emphasis on active learning in university setting, many academic libraries have devoted considerable resources in teaching potential library users how to locate information efficiently. This paper first focuses on the definition and the nature of the term ‘user instruction’ and then discusses its importance and process of evaluation.

本文主要探討檔案編目規則在國際檔案學會、美國、加拿大、英國、大陸等國之發展, 了解其產生編目規則之過程與規則之內容。國際檔案學會與美國等四國發展檔案編目規則的模式可分為兩種模式: 由上而下的模式與由下而上的的模式。國際與各國檔案編目規則的內容各有其特色, 但沒有任何兩種規則是完全一致的。根據各國檔案編目規則之發展經驗, 作者提出三項具體建議供發展我國檔案編目規則之參考。

This paper discusses the development of archival cataloging rules in the United States, Canada, Great Britain, and China. An analysis of the cataloging rules developed in these four countries discovered that two models were used: the top-down and the bottom-up models. Each country has developed its own unique archival cataloging rules, none of them are the same. The author offers three suggestions to develop an archival cataloging rule for Taiwan.

政府對扮演出版者角色的主客觀感受與對整體人文科技環境之體認，不僅影響政府出版品的外在表現形式；更影響政府資訊的實質內容。知識與資訊可否為商品，在於人為之設計與加值，而非本質之屬性使然，政府資訊公開原則亦將是建立公共資訊系統的必要過程。本文主要探討單一政府資訊傳遞與政府資訊服務合理化之設計與應用，借英國實例印證電子化政府出版品/資訊之開發原則，除包括政府出版品和資訊應該開放給民眾查檢使用之政策思考外，並就電子化政府出版品的資訊加值要求、資訊資產登錄(Information Asset Registers; IARs)系統、及政府電子出版品等相關著作權問題略作分析與建議。

The role of the government as a publisher significantly affects the form and content of its publications. Whether knowledge and information are commodities or not, depending on value-added mechanism for reproduction. The government’s open up policy is essential in establishing public information system. This paper tries to analyze publication/information policy in the UK, its value-added principle of official publication, the Information Asset Registers (IARs), and copyright related regulations.

本文以文獻分析的方法，研究三十年來行銷概念應用到圖書館及其資訊服務的情況，並將其分為萌芽時期、認知時期、接受時期及普遍時期四個階段。最後筆者提出圖書館行銷相關研究的問題，及其未來的研究發展趨勢做為本文的總結。

In this paper, the author tries to investigate the progress of applying marketing concepts to libraries in the past three decades. The author divides the progress into four periods, namely, period of emergence, awareness, acceptance, and pervasion. The final part of this paper is an analysis of the problems involved in this research.

圖書館評鑑是行政與管理程序中重要步驟之一。然而，績效評估在學術圖書館之施行，因理論抽象和步驟繁瑣而推行不易；因此本文介紹三本學術圖書館績效評估之實用手冊，作為學術圖書館實施績效評估之參考。

Library evaluation is very important in the administrative and management process of a library. But due to the abstract in theory and complexity in practice, the academic library is very difficult to implement it. This paper introduces three books to be used as working manuals to implement the performance measurement in academic libraries.

評鑑是任何組織欲檢測機構的目標與行為，並建立優先順序流程時的基本要素。而以此方式蒐集相關資源與資訊，各種計劃與行動將可以有效地且效率地達成。CIPP評鑑模式是背景評鑑（context evaluation）、輸入評鑑（input evaluation）、過程評鑑（process evaluation）、成果評鑑（product evaluation）四種評鑑方式的縮寫。目前教育評鑑一般是採用CIPP模式，分別從四個向度評鑑，一直有很好的評價。故本文從CIPP評鑑模式談起，包括評鑑的意義、目的與功能，CIPP評鑑概述及其在圖書館評鑑的應用。

Evaluation is an essential component for any organization intending to modify its goals, objectives, and establish priorities. Various programs and activities can be accomplished effectively and efficiently by using resources gained from this evaluation. CIPP stands for the four models of evaluation: context evaluation, input evaluation, process evaluation, product evaluation. At present, the CIPP models are widely used in the area of education evaluation. This paper tries to give a general introduction of CIPP evaluation, its definition and purposes, and its application in library evaluation.

標竿學習（Benchmarking）於1970年代末期由美國全錄公司（Xerox）開始採用並倡導此觀念後，與所選定的「標竿」組織相互比較，遂成為各企業組織用來評估及改善其工作流程、產品品質、營運績效等的一種方式。本文透過對標竿學習理論的介紹，瞭解其意義與目的，分析標竿學習之類型與進行程序，並探討其應用於圖書館組織之方式，期望將此套管理界施行已久之理論帶入圖書館組織中，為圖書館日後進行業務評鑑時提供另一種管道與思考方向。

Benchmarking was first adopted by Xerox Corporation in the late 1970s. Since then, benchmarking has been used by managers in different industries to evaluate and improve the quality of their products, work process and procedure, and work performance. This paper tries to explain the meaning and purpose of benchmarking, its step-by-step process, and its application in library organizations.

為使能在有限資源下發揮最大效能，參考服務品質評估之研究隨著參考服務範圍與內容之日趨廣泛、圖書館資源有限之壓力日增而日益受到重視。過去參考服務品質評估所使用的方式相當多樣，除重視「量」而非「質」之評估指標外，亦多從館方角度而非使用者角度進行評估。然為真正改善參考服務品質，唯有從讀者角度對服務進行確實的評估，始能有效掌握讀者需求。有鑑於參考服務中最重要的即為「問題解答」，而近30年來經常為研究者所使用的「調查者不介入評鑑法」即主要以參考服務中解答問題之正確性及館員之行為為評估重點，並且是從讀者角度進行的評鑑方式，其開啟了參考服務應用不同品質評鑑方式之先。因此本文冀期探討該法之特質及其於圖書資訊學領域之應用，以對未來參考服務之評鑑帶來實際助益。

The evaluation of the quality of reference service gains its importance in three aspects, namely, the range of reference service, the complexity of contents with the change of environment, and the pressure of library resources reduction. In the past, the evaluation methods of reference service mainly focused on the library itself rather than its users. A valid evaluation of the quality of library service should take the readers’ requirements and efficiency of the library service into consideration. The unobtrusive reference evaluation, designed from a user’s perspective, has been widely used by researchers. It assesses not only the accuracy of library staff’s response to readers’ questions but also measures the staff’s behavior. This article first discusses the features of unobtrusive evaluation and its related literatures and then analyzes its application in the field of library and information science. Thus the information gained from the results of the unobtrusive evaluation can be incorporated into the process of library planning and hence improves the quality of library service.