digital archives

「可用性評估」是評估使用者對於系統界面之效能、效率、滿意度三大面向之綜合滿意度，當系統入口網站界面之設計及建置完成後，則必須進行評估，以瞭解使用者的期望和系統網站界面實際運作之落差情況。無論是選用何種評估方法，其目的都是希望從評估結果能提供對系統設計的回饋，並收集使用者對於系統界面及服務的觀點資料，以提供進一步修正系統界面的依據。本文介紹「可用性評估」之發展及模式，再針對臺灣地區各典藏機構所建置之數位典藏系統入口網站界面，提出可用性評估之模式雛型，最後並提出結論及建議。

"Usability Evaluation" is to assess the comprehensive satisfaction of the user interface, including the three facets of effect , efficiency and satisfaction.The system website interface must be evaluated in order to understand the expectation of users and operation divide of the system network interface after the design and construction.No matter what kind of evaluation method, the goal of evaluative outcome is to provide the feedback of system design, and to gather the user point of view about system interface and service.This article will introduce the development and model of the usability evaluation, and suggest the model of usability evaluation in connection with digital archive system website interface in Taiwan.Finally, some conclusion and suggestion will be given for the digital archive institutions.

期刊報紙的發刊型態有其特殊性，包括連續發刊、發行迅速等，就圖書館而言，缺期不易增補、報刊紙質不佳、典藏空間有限、利用率太高、破損情況嚴重等問題，都是極為嚴重的挑戰。根據國家圖書館的入館讀者需求統計分析，入館讀者以學生族群為最多，入館需求的資料類型也以中文期刊為最多，因此，館藏中文期刊與報紙是利用率極高的資料型態。然而紙張酸化脆化加上長期流通複印以及保存不易等各種狀況，都促使圖書館必須嚴肅面對報刊長久典藏的課題。
國家圖書館約在1996年開始著手館藏報刊的影像數位化工作，但因限於經費，無法快速進展，2001年起以「國家圖書館期刊報紙典藏數位化計畫」參與了行政院國科會主導之國家典藏數位化計畫，2002年起並持續獲得加入數位典藏國家型科技計畫的支援，已有豐富的成果，本文就國圖在報刊數位化的經驗，包括規劃、執行策略、數位流程及後續的加值應用等議題，提出討論。

Periodicals and newspapers are characterized by providing continuing and prompt services. The critical challenges facing a library in serial collections include the difficulty in claiming, unsatisfactory paper quality, limited storage space and the damages on high usage. The user statistics of the National Central Library (NCL) shows that most of the library patrons are college and graduate school students who use periodicals and newspapers frequently. Thus periodicals and newspapers have always been highly used in the NCL. The damage of serially issued materials caused by frequently copying, aging and acidification forces the NCL to take long-term preservation of periodicals and newspapers into serious consideration.
The NCL started digitization of serial collection since 1996 but saw limited results due to budget problem. In 2001 the Library launched the "Periodical and Newspaper Digital Archive Project" (NDAP) to participate in the "National Digital Archives Program" sponsored by the National Science Council. With continuing financial support from NDAP, the NCL has made enormous achievements in serial materials digital archiving. This article is to describe the NCL's experiences in periodical and newspaper digitization including planning, strategies, digitization processes and issues related to further application of digital archives.

本文針對傳播資料的概念特性與結構特質，探討純文字、動態影像、靜態影像與聲音等四大類型傳播資料 metadata 之建置。一般常使用的都柏林核心集（Dublin Core），所運用的十五項 metadata 欄位，乃針對廣泛適用的資料所設計，雖然涵蓋項目多、流通廣泛，但其欄位卻無法滿足動態性與複雜性高的傳播媒體資料內涵。本文針對傳播媒體資料特性，提出建置 metadata 的考量因素。就基本概念的部分而言，本文說明傳播資料的複雜性、聚合性、即時性、連續性、互文性、超文本特性與多義性。其次，本文亦從資料結構特質的角度，針對傳播領域中的報紙新聞（純文字）、電影紀錄片（動態影像）、報紙新聞版面（靜態影像）與廣播（聲音）等 metadata 的建置，援引案例進行討論、並提出不同類型傳播資料可考慮建置之欄位，以捕捉傳播資料的特質。

This paper discusses the fundamental concepts and structures of communication data in terms of the metadata format of the following four types: text, motion images, still images and sound. Due to Dublin Core's lack of account on the dynamic aspects of media and communication data, an analysis of the nature of communication data is proposed. Seven characteristics of fundamental concepts are discussed: complexity, convergence, spontaneity, continuity, intertextuality, hypertextuality and polygamy. Accompanied by examples, each of the above mentioned data type is also explained in terms of the considering factors of metadata format of each of media types.

交通大學圖書館歷年來參與數位典藏國家型計畫，在典藏品的數位化上已頗具規模。在典藏品數位化之後，下一步便是需要思考如何利用數位典藏發展人文與社會、產業與經濟等方面的應用，而本文即為將交通大學圖書館所建置的劉興欽數位典藏應用於創意學習。本文重點有二，首先介紹交通大學圖書館所設計之「劉興欽創意館」；繼而闡述筆者以交通大學圖書館所典藏之劉興欽專利發明品為加值對象，將劉興欽專利品的發明過程，以創造性問題解決模式加以分析，並實際製作符合創造性問題解決模式、以低學齡孩童為對象的多媒體創意學習教材。

The Library of National Chiao Tung University (NCTU Library) has been participating in the "National Digital Archives Program, Taiwan" (NDAP, Taiwan) for several years, and many valuable cultural assets have been digitalized. The next step of the NCTU Library lies in exploiting these digitalized cultural assets in value-added applications, and this article describes one possible application in creative learning. This article has two focuses, the first is to introduce the digital archives of Liu Hsing-Chin's comics and patents. The next incorporates the concept of Creative Problem Solving (CPS) into creative learning. CPS is employed to analyze the entire process of Liu Hsing-Chin's scientific inventions in a step-by-step manner. According to the analysis results, a set of game-based educational materials is designed. In addition, this article analyzes the Creativity Assessment Packet developed by Williams, and uses its key idea to design an on-line evaluation system.

本文介紹國立臺中圖書館所建置的數位典藏系統，包括地方文獻、舊版報紙、古文書及日文舊籍等數位化作業，說明數位化作業相關背景資料、加值功能，以及遭遇的困難。並以公共圖書館的角色，提出對數位化作業未來的發展方向。

The article introduces the digital archives systems constructed by National Tai-chung Library, including digitization of local collections, historical newspapers, ancient documents and Japanese old books, exploring the relevant background of digitization, value-added applications and potential problems. To examine and propose the future direction of developing digitization.