Metadata

本文針對傳播資料的概念特性與結構特質，探討純文字、動態影像、靜態影像與聲音等四大類型傳播資料 metadata 之建置。一般常使用的都柏林核心集（Dublin Core），所運用的十五項 metadata 欄位，乃針對廣泛適用的資料所設計，雖然涵蓋項目多、流通廣泛，但其欄位卻無法滿足動態性與複雜性高的傳播媒體資料內涵。本文針對傳播媒體資料特性，提出建置 metadata 的考量因素。就基本概念的部分而言，本文說明傳播資料的複雜性、聚合性、即時性、連續性、互文性、超文本特性與多義性。其次，本文亦從資料結構特質的角度，針對傳播領域中的報紙新聞（純文字）、電影紀錄片（動態影像）、報紙新聞版面（靜態影像）與廣播（聲音）等 metadata 的建置，援引案例進行討論、並提出不同類型傳播資料可考慮建置之欄位，以捕捉傳播資料的特質。

This paper discusses the fundamental concepts and structures of communication data in terms of the metadata format of the following four types: text, motion images, still images and sound. Due to Dublin Core's lack of account on the dynamic aspects of media and communication data, an analysis of the nature of communication data is proposed. Seven characteristics of fundamental concepts are discussed: complexity, convergence, spontaneity, continuity, intertextuality, hypertextuality and polygamy. Accompanied by examples, each of the above mentioned data type is also explained in terms of the considering factors of metadata format of each of media types.

隨著全球網際網路的發展與成長，國內許多文化機構紛紛計畫在網路上提供中文的資訊內容，政府方面也正朝向鼓勵發展數位博物館或電子圖書館的建置計畫。最早在台大發展的數位圖書館與博物館計畫「平埔探源」，其最終目的是要將台大圖書館中稀有的館藏與人類學系的獨特藏品加以數位化，以創造更有利的學術研究環境。對一個想要支援學術研究群體的數位圖書館，這些學者或研究人員將如何使用這類數位圖書館，特別是如何與獨特的資訊內容互動，是一個十分重要的議題。本文為筆者於臺灣地區從事台灣史料使用者資訊搜尋與使用研究之部份結果，針對古文書與檔案，探討平埔研究人員於真實的日常工作情境中的運用情形，並探討此一研究結果在資訊組織與檢索上的應用。

As a part of the national effort towards developing digital libraries, the NTU DL/M project has the initial goal of digitizing the scare historical records of Taiwan collected in the National Taiwan University Library, and some special collections from the Department of Anthropology, such as maps, photos, and articles of ethnic Taiwanese groups. These collections are raw materials valuable to the research community. But how those scholars or researchers make use of such a DL, especially how they interact with the information provided, is an important issue that has not been addressed. This paper reports the study of Taiwan research scholars, their tasks, activities and interactions with various resources. The results reveal why and how those scholars apply the tacit knowledge to their activities in order to acccomplish their tasks and in their use of resources such as historical records. Implications for system design and information organization are also discussed.

本文主要之目的，在說明metadata與Z39.50之內涵、探討metadata與Z39.50的關係，以及如何以Z39.50相關標籤集(TagSet-M, TagSet-G)及MICI TagSet ，來設計MICI Z39.50 Profile，以便能跨領域查詢及交換記錄。

The purpose of this article is two-folds: (1) to study the meanings of metadata and Z39.50 and their relationship, (2) to explain how to develop MICI Z39.50 Profile with Z39.50 TagSet-M, TagSet-G and MICI TagSet aiming to exchange records among cross-domain metadata.

為精簡政府組織、提高行政效率，並提供民眾便利、精確的檢索機制，美國發展政府資訊指引服務。本文旨在探討美國政府資訊指引服務的發展成因及詮釋資料，以做為我國發展政府資訊指引服務之啟示。

In order to downsizing government organization and promoting administrative effectiveness, and providing convenient, specific retrieval organism for people, United States government develop Government Information Locator Service (GILS). This paper discusses the development and metadata of GILS and then provide some suggestions for the future studies in this field.

網際網路已在全球蔚為風尚，然而，內涵品質卻良莠不齊。為了提升網際網路的優質文化，博物館將其典藏品數位化，並放置於網路中供人取閱瀏覽是相當必要的。本文旨在探討博物館典藏品的種類與特質、並說明目前國內外為博物館藏品數位化制訂詮釋資料的發展，以供本國博物館界制訂詮釋資料時做為參考。

Internet has become a worldwide trend; however, quality of contents varies greatly. In an effort to enhance and improve the web contents, it is very important to digitize museum collections. This paper discusses the types and attributes of museum collections, and the development of metadata for digital museum collections, thus to provide some reference for Taiwan’s museum community in formulating its metadata.

資訊檢索研究的目的在解決人類對於資訊的需求。然而，隨著不同資訊型態的出現，資訊檢索的技術亦逐漸多樣化，以適應各種型態的資訊。本文說明透過元資料進行檢索，可以適用於各種型態的資訊，故可稱之為資訊檢索核心技術。作者並探討三種不同層次的元資料：靜態權威元資料、動態權威元資料、個人化元資料，及其可能的應用方式。

The purpose of researches for information retrieval is to fulfill the information need. The various techniques for information retrieval are proposed to adapt to the diversified information types. This paper manages to deliberate the importance of metadata and suggests that information retrieval via metadata be applied to various types of information. From this viewpoint, the technique of information retrieval via metadata could be regarded as the core technique. In addition, the author also discusses three levels of metadata: statically authority-controlled metadata, dynamically authority-controlled metadata, and user-oriented metadata.

本文主要之目的，在說明metadata與Z39.50之內涵、探討metadata與Z39.50的關係，以及如何以Z39.50相關標籤集(TagSet-M, TagSet-G)及MICI TagSet ，來設計MICI Z39.50 Profile，以便能跨領域查詢及交換記錄。

The purpose of this article is two-folds: (1) to study the meanings of metadata and Z39.50 and their relationship, (2) to explain how to develop MICI Z39.50 Profile with Z39.50 TagSet-M, TagSet-G and MICI TagSet aiming to exchange records among cross-domain metadata.

數位圖書館系統所用到的技術相當多，如資料數位化、浮水印、內容檢索、網路安全與認證、Metadata、多媒體、多語文，及XML技術等，其中Metadata與XML更是發展數位圖書館系統的核心技術。本文將說明臺灣發展Metadata之現況，並以個人的實際經驗說明Metadata發展的步驟，以及介紹以XML技術所開發Metadata管理系統之發展理念及其功能。

Among the many technologies applied in digital library system, metadata and XML prove to be the core technologies involved in the development of this system. This paper first introduces the current development of metadata in Taiwan and then describes the process of the metadata development of Metalogy and the concepts and functions of this management system.

metadata在數位化資料的保存或典藏扮演著極其重要的角色。本文試從數位典藏的策略及metadata對數位典藏的重要性，進一步探討metadata對資訊資源的典藏管理所應該包括的資料要素，及標準的建立等相關論題。

It is now widely accepted that metadata is a key part of digital preservation strategies. The purpose of this paper is to examine issues related to the preservation metadata. The paper begins by describing the uses of metadata and clarifying key concepts of digital preservation, the moves into the development of existing preservation metadata projects and the specification of preservation metadata elements.

詮釋資料通常用來描述數位圖書館藏品資源的特性，本文則是取詮釋資料最廣義的解釋─Data About Data，並將詮釋資料應用在數位圖書館系統間的互通。本文首先針對數位圖書館互通性下一定義，並介紹數位圖書館互通性的相關議題和方案。其次則是以Stanford數位圖書館計畫為例，說明詮釋資料在數位圖書館系統互通性上能夠扮演的角色。文中並闡述交通大學圖書館為解決數位圖書館互通性問題所提出的詮釋資料建構語言，並以交通大學圖書館虛擬聯合目錄系統來驗證詮釋資料建構語言的可行性。

The term “Metadata” is often used by information professions to refer to character the resources contained in a digital library. This paper adopts the broadest meaning of “Metadata”--Data about Data, and applies metadata to facilitate the inter-operation among digital library systems. It first defines digital library interoperability, its related issues and approaches. Then, citing as an instance the Stanford Digital Library Project to describe the roles that metadata can play in handling digital library interoperability. This paper also describes how National Chiao Tung University has tried to solve the problem of handling digital library interoperability by proposing the Metadata Modeling Language (MML), which is a language to define the metadata of digital-library contents and services, and define the translation of two kinds of metadata. Finally, a virtual union catalog system based on MML, called VUCS@NCTU, is implemented to vindicate the feasibility of MML.