吳明德

整合查詢系統以單一介面檢索多種異質資料庫，近年來已受到圖書館重視。本研究以臺灣大學圖書館安裝之MUSE整合查詢系統為例，以觀察法及訪談法蒐集使用者對MUSE 整合查詢系統之意見，徵集10位分布於人文、社會、自然科學、生物醫學、工程技術領域的臺灣大學研究生為受測者，給予四項指定之查詢任務，並於過程中觀察記錄受測者與系統互動情形。測試結束後進行結構式訪談，訪談內容包括對系統好用性之看法、建議及滿意程度，並將結果歸類至效率、效能、容易學習程度、吸引性及錯誤容忍程度五個面向，由使用者角度了解系統之好用性，供未來系統修改之參考。
彙整觀察及訪談的結果，本研究依據好用性的五個面向加以闡述結論，並根據結論針對MUSE電子資源整合查詢系統提出四點建議：一、改善資訊呈現方式；二、新增或修改系統功能；三、增加系統能提供之協助；四、修改難懂之術語。

Metasearch systems perform simultaneous searches across heterogeneous electronic resources through a single entry. In order to serve users, more and more libraries install metasearch systems to integrate their resources. This study aims to investigate the usability of MUSE Search, the metasearch system installed in the National Taiwan University Library, and to better understand user viewpoints toward this system. Five components of usability were analyzed: efficiency, effectiveness, learnability, engagement, and error. Observations and interviews were conducted in this study. Ten graduate students from the fields of humanities, social science, nature science, life science, and engineering science were solicited in the study. Students were requested to achieve four tasks. While they searching through MUSE Search, a researcher observed their behaviors and took notes. After the tasks were completed, students were interviewed by being asked questions concerning the usability of MUSE Search. Their comments and satisfaction levels were also collected.
The conclusions were divided into five components of usability. According to the findings of this study, suggestions concerning MUSE Search are as follows: 1. to revise improper display of information in MUSE Search. 2. To add new search functions, or revise old ones to meet user needs. 3. To improve help functions. 4. To revise terminologies which are difficult to be understood.

透過近年的電子期刊使用研究文獻可知，電機領域是使用電子期刊最頻繁的學科領域，而「從事研究」更為電機領域使用電子期刊的重要目的。本文透過半結構式訪談法訪問國立臺灣大學電機資訊學院15位教師，並從中分析電資領域教師的研究歷程階段、電子期刊在各研究階段所扮演的角色、以及電子期刊的使用經驗與建議等。研究結果顯示：(1)電機與資訊領域教師之研究歷程大致分為「發掘問題」、「了解相關研究」、「定義問題」、「尋求解決方案」、「設計」、「實作」、「結果分析」、「論文撰寫與發表」等八個階段；(2)電子期刊對其從事研究之重要性以及所帶來之幫助與影響隨研究階段有所不同；(3)電機與資訊領域教師搜尋電子期刊論文之管道多為網路搜尋引擎，而大多電機與資訊領域教師習慣印出電子期刊閱讀，且閱讀順序與詳簡程度皆有所不同；(4)電機與資訊領域教師使用電子期刊過程中之困擾主要有「使用介面」、「保存」、「收錄範圍」、「使用權」、「設備」、「權威性」六方面。

According to recent literatures on E-journal use, the most frequent users of E-journals are from the field of electrical engineering, with "research" their most important purpose of using E-journals. Through interviews with 15 faculty members of the College of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS) at National Taiwan University (NTU), this study analyzed the stages in their research process to understand the role of E-journals during each stage, and also found out the interviewees' experience with using E-journals and learned their suggestions. The results indicate that E-journals are one of the most important resources of research information for EECS faculty members, playing a different role in each stage of their research process.

圖書資料及服務費用上漲、圖書經費緊縮、新科技的影響是大學圖書館目前及未來不可避免必須面臨的挑戰。雖然大學圖書館與校園裡的教學、研究活動密切相關，大學教授對圖書館員的認知卻不夠清楚，過於強調新科技可能會使教授認為圖書館員是技術人員。本文探討大學圖書館員在圖書資訊蒐集、組織、利用指導及推廣方面所扮演的角色，並建議大學圖書館員應加強在職訓練，加強與讀者的溝通，並重視研究。

Academic libraries are facing continuing challenges from rising costs of materials and services, shrinking budgets, and the impact of new technologies. Although libraries are closely connected with teaching and research activities on campus, the role of academic librarian is not clearly understood by the faculty. This paper examines what academic librarians should do in the three areas of performance: acquisition, organization and interpretation of information, and user instruction and extension services. The author suggests that the academic librarian should recognize the importance of in-service training, communication skills, and research.

電子資源及網路越來越普及，越來越多的資料可以透過網路取得，再加上圖書館經費的縮減，以「取得」(access)代替「收藏」（ownership）的館藏觀念也不斷地被提起，爭論亦是不少。有些人認為未來會有許多的資源是以電子形式呈現，紙本將會漸被取代，許多資料將會是「依需求」出版。所以圖書館重視收藏的觀念應該改變，圖書館只要能在讀者需要時設法取得即可。目前我國大學圖書館雖然積極推廣電子資源的利用，但似乎缺乏適當的館藏發展政策，也似乎未能站在讀者的角度來規劃電子資源的蒐藏與利用。本研究利用問卷調查探討圖書館員及大學教師對於圖書館提供電子資源的看法，比較圖書館員與大學教師對於圖書館應收藏何種電子資源的看法，以及分析比較圖書館員與大學教師對於「取得」與「收藏」二種館藏觀念的看法。研究結果顯示，圖書館員及大學教師都重視電子資源的重要性，資料類型是選擇電子資源的重要考慮因素，但大學教師與圖書館員對館藏量與取得的看法有顯著的差異。另外，大學教師與圖書館員對電子資源「取得」和「收藏」的優缺點看法大致相同，但對電子資源收費使用的看法則有差異。

Electronic resources are very popular nowadays and many materials can be obtained via Internet. Facing the challenge of budget shrinkage, there are many discussion among librarians on the issue that whether access should replace ownership in developing library collections. Some librarians argue that electronic resources will substitute the print materials, and many materials will be published on demand. Therefore, the concept of ownership should be abandoned and it is the library's responsibility to help users to access to the materials when they need. University libraries in Taiwan are taking all efforts to promote the use of electronic resources. There are few appropriate collection development policies for electronic resources and the acquisition are not based on the investigations and the comparisions of the viewpoints of university professors and university librarians as to the uses of electronic resources as well as the concept of access and ownership. The result indicates that both professors and librarians agree that electronic resources are important for teaching and research. The type of material is an important factor when to decide whether electronic format or printed format should be acquired. There are significant differences between professors and librarians about the concept of ownership and quantity of library holdings. Their thoughts concerning the strength and weakness of access and ownership are very similar. However, they do not share the same viewpoints about the fee-based service of electronic resources.

雖然我國大學圖書館已經具體推動若干館際合作業務、組成聯盟引進國外資料庫、建立文獻傳遞系統，但這些仍只是合作館藏發展之基礎工作而已。所謂合作館藏發展，必須是圖書館之間在館藏的建立及管理等方面有正式的協議，圖書館的館藏發展政策互為影響，而且保證彼此的館藏能夠互相依賴。本研究室以問卷調查法探討我國大學圖書館合作館藏發展之現況，以及對於合作館藏發展、合作採訪電子資源、合作館藏發展之規劃的看法。

University libraries in Taiwan understand the significance of cooperative collection development and have already promoted some cooperation programs. But, in terms of cooperative collection development, to form consortia in order to import foreign electronic database, or , to establish document delivery systerm, are merely basic requirement. Libraries need to work out a formal cooperation program which ensures their collection development policies are interdependent. Questionnaire was used in this study to investigate the issuses concerning cooperative collection development of university libraries in Taiwan.

電子出版的成熟以及網際網路的盛行，使得網路上的資訊以驚人的速度成長。使用者在取用圖書館網站大量的電子資源和各項服務內容時，面臨了資訊超載的問題。為幫助使用者過濾資訊，減輕資訊超載之壓力，大學圖書館開始在網站上發展個人化服務。但圖書館網站發展個人化服務必須花費相當多的時間、人力與金錢。本研究之目的在於探討大學圖書館網站使用者對圖書館網站個人化服務之需求內容及需求程度，以及進一步探討使用者對圖書館網站個人化服務需求之影響因素。問卷調查結果顯示，學生傾向於需要個人化服務，但大學部學生與研究所學生之間有顯著的差異。

Almost all university libraries increase their print and electronic resources in past decades. At the same time, libraries provide more and more services on their websites. Facing the growth of information and services, it seems that library users will need some kinds of filtering mechanism. A few university library websites initiate personalized service. But, do university library users need the service? What kind of services do they need? Questionnaire survey is made in this study. Results indicate that the students appreciate personalized service, but there is a significant difference between undergraduate students and graduate students.