網際網路

圖書館環境的改變是多元的,資訊技術的進步代表正面的改變,經費的衰減及作業成本的升高則代表反面的影響。這種正面和反面影響的結合,考驗著圖書館員以智慧去面對這種挑戰和機會。網路技術和網際網路帶來了大量正式和非正式電子資源,沒有網際網路許多新的電子期刊將不會產生出來,許多線上論壇、討論群及會議的文獻也不會產生出來。科技的發展為圖書館館藏發展提供了助力,使得館藏的形式豐富化,並且增加採購的效率。雖然藍開斯特曾言二十世紀將是「無紙社會」,亦曾說過圖書館選擇、採訪工作在無紙社會將不再具重要性;目前雖然電子形式之資料已廣泛的充斥於市場及網路中,但是館藏發展的功能並未因而衰減,未來館藏發展仍將具有相當之重要性,同時館藏發展也將會因應時代環境的改變而有所調整。

Change in the library environment is multidimensional. Information technology represents the high points of this change, the deterioration of funding and the rising costs of operation clearly represent the low points. It is a combination of positive and negative elements in present climate of change that compels libraries to study the challenges and opportunities presented by interior and exterior forces and to explore strategies to cope with them. Network technology and the Internet that have brought about the recent proliferation of formal and informal electronic journals. Without the Internet, the electronic journals would not have been created, nor would a large body of literature from numerous online forums, listservs, and conferences. Librarians currently working in collection development must acquire new skills in the electronic environment and integrate them with their traditional strengths of subject expertise and their ability to function as user liaisons. The change will not eliminate their role as information selectors but rather empower them to navigate an ocean of information.

圖書館應用網際網路提供參考服務乃時勢所趨，圖書館必須改變參考服務的方式與態度，發展新的資訊服務項目及提昇服務的品質，以滿足使用者真正的資訊需求·國外已有許多文獻探討網際網路於參考服務的應用和影響，但是我國則甚少專門探討該課題的文獻，致使網際網路應用於我國圖書館參考服務的情形如何，不得而知·因而引發筆者的研究動機，以瞭解目前我國大學校院圖書館參考服務應用網際網路的情形，期能進一步提出建議，作為我國大學校院圖書館利用網際網路提供參考服務與拓展資訊服務之參考.

Nowadays it is a trend for libraries to provide reference services through the Internet. Libraries have to change the way of and the attitude toward reference service to develop new information services and to upgrade the quality of services. There are lots of documents dealing with the influence of reference service on the Internet. In Taiwan however there are few documents discussing this issue. Thus we do not know much about how the Internet is used to provide reference services in the libraries in Taiwan. This article is intended to research the conditions under which the Internet is being used in providing reference services in the libraries in Taiwan. Furthermore the author also provides some suggestions for the university and college libraries in Taiwan to adequately provide reference services via the Internet and to promote information services.

網際網路資源以驚人的速度增加，圖書館應用網際網路提供參考服務乃時勢所趨。本文旨在探討網際網路參考資源的類型、參考服務應用網際網路參考資源的效益，以及參考服務應用網際網路資源的問題，並針對上述議題提出若干建議。

The rapid growth of Internet resources makes it the major provider of library reference services. This paper discusses the types, effectiveness and problems of Internet reference resources and services. This paper also offers some suggestions for libraries concerning the providing of reference services through the Internet.

Internet上多元的搜尋系統是目前網路上最常被利用的服務之一，由於網路上的資源包羅萬象、類型繁多、又隨時變動，若不能好好利用這類系統，尋找資源將有如大海撈針般的困難。但隨著 Internet 的成長，這些資源搜尋系統也急速增加，了解這些系統的設計架構、種類特色、和未來發展，並從中選擇最適當的系統來協助檢索，已變得相當重要。同時對於圖書資訊人員而言，除了熟悉這些系統的運用外，也應開始思考資源搜尋系統在圖書資訊服務的可能應用及影響，以因應未來電子化圖書館的發展趨勢。

One of the most popular services available on the Internet is the various search tool. With the rapid growth and the diversity of network resources, search tools have proved to be most helpful in finding out relevant information. The purpose of this paper is threefold. First, it introduces the development of network information retrieval and discusses the structural design of a typical search engine. It then reviews all types of search tools by cross comparing their generic features, such as content and search capability. Finally it explores the information service issues that arise from the nature of search tools.

網際網路的快速發展與廣泛應用已引發相關之著作權問題。本文即探討網際網路著作權議題如科技著作之重製、合理使用原則、超連結及共享軟體管理。

The rapid development and wide-ranging application of the Internet have created copyright problems. This article discusses the copyright issues of the internet, concentrating on the replication of network documents, the principles of application, hyperlink and shareware management.

臺灣地區自民國84年開放網際網路服務後，至今已達到二百萬人上網的記錄，而今年三百萬人上網目標預計也將提前達成。根據國內外數次網路的調查顯示，兩性上網人數有明顯的差距。雖然女性上網人數逐年成長，但仍不及男性上網的人數。由於網路對促進言論自由與民主具相當的影響力，因此兩性間參與網路的情況，勢必影響社會參與、權利分享，及言論自由等民主社會應有的權利義務關係。當今所謂的網際網路民主化即指網際網路不受使用者之性別、宗教、種族、階級，與黨派之不同的情況下，提供一個公平使用管道與相同使用權利的環境。本研究擬從男女兩性網路使用的人數、上網時間、使用動機，及對網路規範態度予以比較與探討。

Since the Taiwan Network was initiated in 1995, the number of net users is growing very fast. There were two million net users in 1998 and there will be approximately three million in 1999. However, according to several Internet investigations, the number of male users and female users is dramatically unequal. Although the number of female users is increasing constantly, the rate of increase of female users is still much lower than males' Democracy in computer-mediated communications, such as Internet or cyberspace, must offer access and communication equally and without status constraints. This study, which is based on an online network investigation done in 1986, compares differences between male and female users in terms of status, motivation, information needs, and network ethics.

雖然我國大學圖書館已經具體推動若干館際合作業務、組成聯盟引進國外資料庫、建立文獻傳遞系統，但這些仍只是合作館藏發展之基礎工作而已。所謂合作館藏發展，必須是圖書館之間在館藏的建立及管理等方面有正式的協議，圖書館的館藏發展政策互為影響，而且保證彼此的館藏能夠互相依賴。本研究室以問卷調查法探討我國大學圖書館合作館藏發展之現況，以及對於合作館藏發展、合作採訪電子資源、合作館藏發展之規劃的看法。

University libraries in Taiwan understand the significance of cooperative collection development and have already promoted some cooperation programs. But, in terms of cooperative collection development, to form consortia in order to import foreign electronic database, or , to establish document delivery systerm, are merely basic requirement. Libraries need to work out a formal cooperation program which ensures their collection development policies are interdependent. Questionnaire was used in this study to investigate the issuses concerning cooperative collection development of university libraries in Taiwan.

近幾年來，網際網路研究領域中與超連結相關的研究大幅增加，超連結研究分析方法的使用大致可再區分為超連結網路分析與網路計量學兩種，本文將針對此新興研究領域的起源、應用與相關研究進行探討，並且將重點放在網路資源的引文分析、超連結網路分析等課題的相關問題上，期望圖書資訊界對於網路計量學與超連結分析的應用產生更多認識與討論。

Hyperlink-related research has proliferated in the field of Internet studies recently. The analysis methodology of hyperlink research can be further divided into hyperlink network analysis and webometrics. This article attempts to point to selected areas of webometric research that show interesting progress and space for development. It is hoped that more discussion about this emerging research area will arise in library and information science field.