Vol.3 No.2

本文旨在分析光碟資料庫終端使用者所採用之檢索技巧。首先探討國外有關檢索技巧之相關研究，其次以國立臺灣大學學生為研究對象，分析其檢索PsycLIT光碟資料庫時所採用之檢索技巧，最後則將本研究結果與國外學者所提出之檢索技巧進行比較分析，以作為教育使用者及提供諮詢服務時之參考，同時冀望對於資訊尋求行為理論研究有所貢獻。

The purpose of this paper is to examine the search tactics of end-users in CD-ROM searching. At the beginning, researches on search tactics are reviewed. Then it presents the analysis of the search tactics of real end-users from National Taiwan University during searching PsycLIT CD-ROM. Finally, it compare the difference between the result of this study and the other relevant researches of this field. This paper intends to provide suggestions to education training, reference services and fundamental theories on information seeking behavior.

「參考晤談」之目的，是為了讓參考館員能夠釐清讀者真正的資訊需求，以提供正確、有意義的資訊。該過程往往涉及多元複雜的層面，因此館員必須善用溝通的技巧，才能在浩瀚的資訊洪流中找到滿足讀者需求的資訊。為了解館員與讀者在參考晤談過程中的溝通本質，本文將從參考晤談的哲理性研究出發，先談參考晤談之溝通理論與模式，其次討論實際晤談時的溝通技巧與溝通障礙；最末探討電子傳播方式對參考晤談的影響，思考館員如何在無法與讀者面對面接觸的電子化環境中，仍能釐清讀者需求，達到參考晤談的目的。

The main purpose of “Reference Interviews” is to help librarians understand users’ actual information needs and then provide correct and meaningful information. Reference librarians have to make good use of communicating skills, so that they may satisfy users’ different needs. The article attempts to investigate Reference Interview from both theoretical and practical point of views. First, it discusses the communication theories and models of Reference Interviews. Then, it describes the techniques and obstacles of Reference Interviews. Finally, Reference Interviews in the electronic environment are examined, such as how to interview with users by e-mail or WWW.

電子資源及網路越來越普及，越來越多的資料可以透過網路取得，再加上圖書館經費的縮減，以「取得」(access)代替「收藏」（ownership）的館藏觀念也不斷地被提起，爭論亦是不少。有些人認為未來會有許多的資源是以電子形式呈現，紙本將會漸被取代，許多資料將會是「依需求」出版。所以圖書館重視收藏的觀念應該改變，圖書館只要能在讀者需要時設法取得即可。目前我國大學圖書館雖然積極推廣電子資源的利用，但似乎缺乏適當的館藏發展政策，也似乎未能站在讀者的角度來規劃電子資源的蒐藏與利用。本研究利用問卷調查探討圖書館員及大學教師對於圖書館提供電子資源的看法，比較圖書館員與大學教師對於圖書館應收藏何種電子資源的看法，以及分析比較圖書館員與大學教師對於「取得」與「收藏」二種館藏觀念的看法。研究結果顯示，圖書館員及大學教師都重視電子資源的重要性，資料類型是選擇電子資源的重要考慮因素，但大學教師與圖書館員對館藏量與取得的看法有顯著的差異。另外，大學教師與圖書館員對電子資源「取得」和「收藏」的優缺點看法大致相同，但對電子資源收費使用的看法則有差異。

Electronic resources are very popular nowadays and many materials can be obtained via Internet. Facing the challenge of budget shrinkage, there are many discussion among librarians on the issue that whether access should replace ownership in developing library collections. Some librarians argue that electronic resources will substitute the print materials, and many materials will be published on demand. Therefore, the concept of ownership should be abandoned and it is the library's responsibility to help users to access to the materials when they need. University libraries in Taiwan are taking all efforts to promote the use of electronic resources. There are few appropriate collection development policies for electronic resources and the acquisition are not based on the investigations and the comparisions of the viewpoints of university professors and university librarians as to the uses of electronic resources as well as the concept of access and ownership. The result indicates that both professors and librarians agree that electronic resources are important for teaching and research. The type of material is an important factor when to decide whether electronic format or printed format should be acquired. There are significant differences between professors and librarians about the concept of ownership and quantity of library holdings. Their thoughts concerning the strength and weakness of access and ownership are very similar. However, they do not share the same viewpoints about the fee-based service of electronic resources.

隨著電腦與網路科技的運用，網路上有越來越多的資訊，儼然形成了另一個形式的圖書館。如何有效的組織檢索網路上各種不同的資源，一直是資訊使用者與整理者所希望解決的議題。機讀編目格式一直是圖書館作業自動化後整理組織圖書館資源的依據，但是否適合處理網路資源，討論聲音一直不斷。本文擬就機讀編目格式與Dublin Core發展背景，資料欄位架構，並就兩者資料結構來探討不同格式處理網路資源的議題與適用性。

With the growth of the information on the Internet, Internet forms a different type of libraries. It has been an issue on how to organize the information on the Internet and access effectively. The Machine Readable Catalog (MARC) format has been the standard of creating the records for the library collection. Is MARC right for the Internet sources? This article looks into the characters of MARC and Dublin Core to outlines the issues on organizing Internet sources.

本文以文獻分析法分析系統評估之研究。首先介紹系統評估之標準、系統評估之方法、系統評估之大型實證研究，以做為電子圖書館評估研究之基本背景。其次介紹電子圖書館之評估研究，並將此部分之焦點集中於學者專家們所提及的電子圖書館評估指標。最後，並針對電子圖書館評估研究提出建議，包括系統評估宜從使用者角度進行評估、系統評估應考慮系統週邊人員之觀點、系統評估應廣及各層次之評估、系統評估應採用量化及質化兼具之方法及從事電子圖書館之使用者研究。

This paper uses literature review method to analyze system evaluation research. It introduces researches on system evaluation criteria, system evaluation methods, and some empirical digital library evaluation researches. Finally, this article suggests that digital library evaluations should consider both system and user perspectives.

網路世代圖書館不是以擁有多少館藏自限，而是以透過最佳管道提供讀者快、好、完整的資訊為標的。網路生活化的今日，整體的會議資訊由即將召開的會議資訊到會議記錄、會議論文集的出版及徵集皆可透過網路電子傳訊獲得。以往被視為灰色文獻的會議文獻產生新的傳播模式，大異於以往灰色文獻的傳播型態。有感國內甚少人論及會議文獻的種種，特著此文就其在網路上傳播的資訊型態與狀況論述之。

The Internet changes the libraries. Today “Access is over ownership” becomes libraries goal. Conference literature is one of Grey literatures, which includes forthcoming and post-coming conference contents available on Internet. This paper is to describe that can be used as an instructional or tutorial tool for the identification and verification of conference process and conference literature on the Internet.

大學向來是擁有知識泉源之學府，組織與傳播知識也是大學之任務。數位圖書館之技術發展，使一所大學可以將其教員智慧之結晶，經過同儕審查制度，有系統、組織之方式，自行建立數位圖書館、成為數位出版社，在網際網路上直接將出版品，便捷的提供全世界使用者取用。本文即介紹數位醫學圖書館範例中--虛擬醫院的發展經驗，其克服技術、社會、政治與經濟之困擾，進而創造、組織與傳播醫學資源成一個數位圖書館，此發展上之意義與線上全文圖書之發展趨勢等，值得做為國內發展數位資源、傳播與分享使用上之參考。

Among various missions of a university, the knowledge creation, organization and dissemination are considered most important. Very frequently, universities are also regarded as a knowledge factory. Our college students learn information of research results from attending the class, reading the research paper or books from commercial publishers. Information materials are mostly well organized and available in the school libraries. Today, computerized digital library can function as a digital press. By networking computers, school faculties create information and going through peer reviews before the press being disseminated directly to users. This paper is to show how digital library can fulfill the mission of knowledge dissemination. The methodology of overcoming the technical, social, political, and economic barriers which involve in creation, distribution and organizing a digital library has been developed and refined. Today, there are more than 350 volumes of multimedia textbooks and booklets available in Virtual Hospital, they are widely used by individuals around the world. The online books have become significant resources for scholars. Therefore, experience of creating this type of digital library is very much worthwhile for the development of Chinese resources.