館藏發展

圖書館面對愈來愈多的數位資源必須思考如何管理與典藏。本文將數位館藏分為四個類型，分別解釋其意義與舉例說明。然後針對文化資源，提出大學圖書館由內而外的文化保存策略及電子資源發展藍圖，包括數位典藏、機構典藏、網頁典藏與免費學術電子資源等。最後討論大學圖書館應積極思考如何將數位館藏納入圖書館技術服務的一般流程中，以使數位館藏在圖書館裡發揮其應該扮演的角色。

With the ever increasing volume of digital objects, it is imperative for libraries to design strategies for collecting, preserving, and incorporating digital resources into the library's collection. In this paper, we classify digital collections into four categories, according to their relationship with physical resources. We then point out that university libraries should play a more active role in preserving cultural heritage, and map out a strategy for this purpose. A developmental strategy for managing free digital resources is then outlined. We conclude the paper with a discussion of the issues libraries should consider when incorporating digital resources into their collection.

圖書館環境的改變是多元的,資訊技術的進步代表正面的改變,經費的衰減及作業成本的升高則代表反面的影響。這種正面和反面影響的結合,考驗著圖書館員以智慧去面對這種挑戰和機會。網路技術和網際網路帶來了大量正式和非正式電子資源,沒有網際網路許多新的電子期刊將不會產生出來,許多線上論壇、討論群及會議的文獻也不會產生出來。科技的發展為圖書館館藏發展提供了助力,使得館藏的形式豐富化,並且增加採購的效率。雖然藍開斯特曾言二十世紀將是「無紙社會」,亦曾說過圖書館選擇、採訪工作在無紙社會將不再具重要性;目前雖然電子形式之資料已廣泛的充斥於市場及網路中,但是館藏發展的功能並未因而衰減,未來館藏發展仍將具有相當之重要性,同時館藏發展也將會因應時代環境的改變而有所調整。

Change in the library environment is multidimensional. Information technology represents the high points of this change, the deterioration of funding and the rising costs of operation clearly represent the low points. It is a combination of positive and negative elements in present climate of change that compels libraries to study the challenges and opportunities presented by interior and exterior forces and to explore strategies to cope with them. Network technology and the Internet that have brought about the recent proliferation of formal and informal electronic journals. Without the Internet, the electronic journals would not have been created, nor would a large body of literature from numerous online forums, listservs, and conferences. Librarians currently working in collection development must acquire new skills in the electronic environment and integrate them with their traditional strengths of subject expertise and their ability to function as user liaisons. The change will not eliminate their role as information selectors but rather empower them to navigate an ocean of information.

電子圖書館是當今資訊界熱烈討論的話題及共同努力的目標，然而相關的討論與努力大都以「科技」觀點出發，而少涉及電子圖書館的本質。本文旨在澄清一般人對電子圖書館的幾個錯誤觀點，說明館藏在電子圖書館的重要性，尤其期許蛻變中的大學圖書館，發展成為一具有館藏特色的「電子學術圖書館」，並說明電子館藏之發展政策及館藏維護相關問題。

Electronic libraries have been popular topics recently and their establishment is the goal of lot efforts. However most discussions and efforts are focused on technical respect and rarely ouch the essence of electronic libraries. The purpose of this article is to clarify some incorrect view points, to emphasize the importance of collections in electronic libraries and also to explain their collection development policy and related maintenance problems. Especially, we anticipate the changing university libraries to develop into “Electronic Academic Libraries”, with special features on their collections.

本文旨在探討英國繳存制度對牛津大學巴德里圖書館館藏發展的影響情形。文中檢視自1610年該館首獲繳存本，至今將近四百年間，繳存制的濫觴，相關法令修立更替，引發的爭端，巴德里圖書館繳存本增長情形，存儲繳存本及提供校外人士使用情形。十九世紀後期開始，繳存本開始占入藏資料60-70﹪的情形，大致延續至今。穩定而大量的繳存本，是現今巴德里圖書館豐富館藏的主要來源，也使得英國的文化資產得以完整的保存傳承。

The article intends to probe into the relationship between Copyright deposits and the collection development in the Bodleian Library. Reviewing from the beginnings of the deposit system in England since 1610 to its recent practices, the author analyzes the heated protests and arguments while related laws were under revision, the privileged flow and increase of yearly accessions of deposits, the storage and retention of collections, and services to those scholars without direct connections with the Univertsity. Starting from the later half of the 19th century the copyright intake accounts for something between 60-70 % of the annual accessions. It demonstrates that the steady and large flow of deposit intake forms the major portion of the strong Bodleian collection, preserving of the precious national literature of the Great Britain.

電子資源及網路越來越普及，越來越多的資料可以透過網路取得，再加上圖書館經費的縮減，以「取得」(access)代替「收藏」（ownership）的館藏觀念也不斷地被提起，爭論亦是不少。有些人認為未來會有許多的資源是以電子形式呈現，紙本將會漸被取代，許多資料將會是「依需求」出版。所以圖書館重視收藏的觀念應該改變，圖書館只要能在讀者需要時設法取得即可。目前我國大學圖書館雖然積極推廣電子資源的利用，但似乎缺乏適當的館藏發展政策，也似乎未能站在讀者的角度來規劃電子資源的蒐藏與利用。本研究利用問卷調查探討圖書館員及大學教師對於圖書館提供電子資源的看法，比較圖書館員與大學教師對於圖書館應收藏何種電子資源的看法，以及分析比較圖書館員與大學教師對於「取得」與「收藏」二種館藏觀念的看法。研究結果顯示，圖書館員及大學教師都重視電子資源的重要性，資料類型是選擇電子資源的重要考慮因素，但大學教師與圖書館員對館藏量與取得的看法有顯著的差異。另外，大學教師與圖書館員對電子資源「取得」和「收藏」的優缺點看法大致相同，但對電子資源收費使用的看法則有差異。

Electronic resources are very popular nowadays and many materials can be obtained via Internet. Facing the challenge of budget shrinkage, there are many discussion among librarians on the issue that whether access should replace ownership in developing library collections. Some librarians argue that electronic resources will substitute the print materials, and many materials will be published on demand. Therefore, the concept of ownership should be abandoned and it is the library's responsibility to help users to access to the materials when they need. University libraries in Taiwan are taking all efforts to promote the use of electronic resources. There are few appropriate collection development policies for electronic resources and the acquisition are not based on the investigations and the comparisions of the viewpoints of university professors and university librarians as to the uses of electronic resources as well as the concept of access and ownership. The result indicates that both professors and librarians agree that electronic resources are important for teaching and research. The type of material is an important factor when to decide whether electronic format or printed format should be acquired. There are significant differences between professors and librarians about the concept of ownership and quantity of library holdings. Their thoughts concerning the strength and weakness of access and ownership are very similar. However, they do not share the same viewpoints about the fee-based service of electronic resources.

近年來圖書館引進電子期刊館藏蔚為風尚，可謂建構並蛻變為電子圖書館的第一大步。本文旨在探討圖書館身處在新舊形態資訊交替之際，規劃電子期刊館藏的相關議題。首先分析電子期刊的成長狀況、特質與未來發展機會，接著就電子期刊對圖書館規劃館藏發展的衝擊與挑戰進行探討，再以歐洲的丹麥技術大學圖書館為個案研究，評析圖書館如何以「再造計畫」展開因應電子期刊的館藏發展策略，最後作者提出規劃電子期刊館藏發展應具備的視野。

Over the past few years, many libraries have begun to provide an electronic journal collection as an expansion trend. This represents a big step towards the construction of a basic plan for electronic libraries. The purpose of this article is to investigate the state of transition from the traditional information service to the new one, and the layout of its related electronic journal collection. Firstly, the article analyzes the growth potential, characteristics and future opportunities of electronic journals. It then explores the impact and challenges of such journals on the library collection management. Using the Technical Knowledge Center and Library of Denmark (DTV) as a study case, the article evaluates the library’s use of a re-engineering plan to unfold and confront the development strategies of the electronic journal collection. Finally, it suggests a vision for the development of a futuristic electronic journal processing system.

本文旨在描述臺大醫圖近五年來進行期刊評鑑工作的經驗，而全文電子期刊的發展和館際合作系統與軟體的出現，使得圖書館對於期刊業務必須有新的視野和做法，諸如：直接向部分期刊出版社連繫訂購、議價事宜；順應各出版社的作業方式花費時間在線上註冊，以獲得電子期刊的帳號密碼；設定可使用之有效網域；時常更新與維護首頁上之電子期刊清單，並掌握使用統計以為訂購決策之參考等。筆者在檢視此一發展軌跡的同時，亦希望將所獲得之經驗加以分享，以期做為國內其他圖書館期刊館藏發展之參考。

This paper describes a librarian’s experience of assessing the journal usage and collection development within the past 5 years in the National Taiwan University Medical Library. All librarians nowadays should adjust themselves to the prosperity of full-text electronic journals and the efficient software and system that facilitates interlibrary cooperation. They may need to deal directly with the journal publishers and bargain for subscription of electronic versions, to follow new procedures to activate the right for online registration and set up the valid IP range, and to update constantly their webpages to make future policies for subscription in reference of statistic results. By examining this development, the author hopes to share experiences with other librarians in Taiwan area.