張慧銖

目錄（catalog）及書目控制（bibliographic control）在圖書館的實務工作與圖書館學的教育中皆佔有十分重要的地位。然而編目教育自杜威（Melvil Dewey）創立圖書館學校以來經歷了許多變革，其主要的原因與發展過程為何？有那些議題最受爭議？近年來在科技進步﹑行政目標改變及經費縮減的情況下，編目教育受到何種衝擊與挑戰？有那些值得我們省思的問題？等，皆是本文所要探討的內容。

Cataloging and bibliographic control are central to what libraries do and what library science educators teach. This study explores the major reasons for the many changes that have taken place over the years in cataloging education and how it has developed since it was established by Melvil Dewey. Other questions addressed include: Which issues have been most controversial? How have the technological advances of recent years, changes in administrative goals and declining budgets have affected and challenged cataloging education? And which problems should be considered?

自1975年以降，整個世界無論東、西方皆已逐漸邁向資訊社會。多數學者咸認資訊已然成為國家的資源之一，而與能源、物質三者共同決定我們的生活品質。對於圖書館來說，由於使用者對於生活與知識的需求在廣度與深度方面都有極明顯的增強趨勢，因此如何訂定一個國家的圖書與資訊服務政策，將全國的資源視為一個整體，結合政府單位及私人企業共同研商，並透過立法及財務上的支援，使現存的服務加深、加廣、統籌規劃以避免不必要的重複與浪費，可說是十分重要。本文擬透過馬來西亞的國家圖書館與資訊服務政策及中國圖書館學會所提出之我國二十一世紀圖書館發展新指標做一比較研究，期能了解兩國政策之研訂經過、基本原則與目標、包括要項及條文內容等，盼能從中取人之長補己之短，做為我國未來訂定國家圖書與資訊服務政策之參考。

Since 1975 the whole world, both eastern and western, has gradually become an information society. Most scholars nowadays consider information as one of the resources of a nation. Information, together with energy and matter, are the three basic factors of determining the quality of our life. As far as libraries are concerned, as their users have been increasing needs for life and knowledge extensively and profoundly, to establish a national policy for library and information services is very important. This policy should view the information resources within a nation as a whole that combines the counsel from government agencies and private enterprises as well as getting legal and financial support in order to extend, deepen current services and prevent any repeat or waste of services. This article compares the national policy for library and information services in Malaysia with the New Direction for Library Development in 21st Century, which is established by Chinese Library Association, in expectation of understanding the establishing processes, basic principles and objectives, subjects covered, and the contents of both policies.

醫學圖書館員因學科背景不足、圖書館學校課程不夠專業化、大環境變化快速且攸關生命、加上資訊技術日新月異等因素，在在都凸顯出醫學圖書館員繼續教育的重要性。本文介紹英美兩國醫學圖書館界在繼續教育方面所做的努力，並拋磚引玉提出幾個值得探討的問題，接著闡明繼續教育的責任歸屬，最後對醫學圖書館員的繼續教育提出建議，希望本文能帶給國內的醫學圖書館員一個反思的機會，同時對於各圖書資訊學系及圖書館學會在規劃正規課程和繼續教育內容時，能提供若干參考。

A number of factors underscore the need for continuing education of medical librarians: insufficient grounding of such personnel in a given subject area, library science curricula that are insufficiently professional, rapid changes in the macro environment affecting our lives, and constant advances in information technology. This article introduces the efforts made by medical library communities in the US and UK toward continuing education. It seeks to stimulate productive examination of this topic by raising several topics that are worthy of discussion and expounding the responsibilities of continuing education of medical librarians. This article aims to provide an opportunity for ROC medical librarians to reassess their knowledge and skills. It can also serve as a reference for curriculum design and continuing education course content being planned by ROC library and information science schools as well as library associations.

本文旨在描述臺大醫圖近五年來進行期刊評鑑工作的經驗，而全文電子期刊的發展和館際合作系統與軟體的出現，使得圖書館對於期刊業務必須有新的視野和做法，諸如：直接向部分期刊出版社連繫訂購、議價事宜；順應各出版社的作業方式花費時間在線上註冊，以獲得電子期刊的帳號密碼；設定可使用之有效網域；時常更新與維護首頁上之電子期刊清單，並掌握使用統計以為訂購決策之參考等。筆者在檢視此一發展軌跡的同時，亦希望將所獲得之經驗加以分享，以期做為國內其他圖書館期刊館藏發展之參考。

This paper describes a librarian’s experience of assessing the journal usage and collection development within the past 5 years in the National Taiwan University Medical Library. All librarians nowadays should adjust themselves to the prosperity of full-text electronic journals and the efficient software and system that facilitates interlibrary cooperation. They may need to deal directly with the journal publishers and bargain for subscription of electronic versions, to follow new procedures to activate the right for online registration and set up the valid IP range, and to update constantly their webpages to make future policies for subscription in reference of statistic results. By examining this development, the author hopes to share experiences with other librarians in Taiwan area.

近年來由於電子出版的興起，使得電子資源對學術圖書館的館藏發展造成極大的挑戰，當圖書館面臨這些新型態的資源時，應該如何加以選擇並將其整合到現有的館藏當中？又該如何提供服務？其中牽涉到採訪、組織整理與相關服務政策的修改，工作流程的變動，人員的配置與教育訓練，以及組織架構的調整。其中又以組織的調整最為重要，因為組織架構可事先將人員與資源做最好的分配與調度，使計畫得以成功並提供協調的機制。本文即在探討學術圖書館引進電子資源之後，對組織所造成的影響，同時舉例說明若干學術圖書館在面臨電子資源的衝擊時，如何調整其組織架構與人員配置，希藉此吸取相關經驗，提供國內學術圖書館參考。

With the increase of electronic publications, electronic re- sources make a tremendous challenge to the collection development of academic libraries. How do libraries select these resources and incorporate them into the existing collection while offering services with such a brand-new type of resource? Things involved here include the amendment of acquisitions, information organizations and related service policies, the modification of work flow, the arrangement and training of personnel as well as the adjustment of the organizational structure. The adjustment of organizational structure is the most important item among these changes. The purpose of this paper is to explore the possible impact on library organization after the introduction of electronic resources to academic libraries. Experiences gathered from certain libraries on how they reorganized the administration structure had been provided as examples.