數位圖書館

近年來，有愈來愈多的檢索系統增加互動性的功能，但是對於評估互動性檢索系統仍然未有一套標準的典範。本文根據一項針對佛學數位圖書館所設計的辭彙建議介面所進行的使用者研究提出報告。實驗介面將使用者檢索詞共現的關鍵詞呈現給使用者，以作為使用者修改檢索詞彙之參考。實驗結果顯示，不同的介面與不同的搜尋任務之間有互動的關係。本文也針對本研究在互動性檢索系統評估方法上的意涵進行討論。

In recent years, more and more interactive features have been incorporated into information retrieval systems, but an evaluation paradigm for highly interactive systems has yet to emerge. This study reports the results of an experiment conducted to test the effectiveness and usefulness of a Term Suggestion Interface for a Buddhism study collection. Terms co-occurring with users' original queries were extracted and presented to users in order to refine the search. The results suggest that the performance of the experimental interface is influenced by the number of potentially relevant records in the collection. The methodological implications for interactive information retrieval evaluation are also discussed.

本文主要在探討大學圖書館應如何來自我調整，以適應新一代電腦科技的衝擊，此波由 World Wide Web、NII、和電子圖書館三者所帶來的新科技，在不久的將來，會重新塑造圖書館的運作方式，而首當其衝者，正是扮演大學資料中心的大學圖書館·在本文中，作者針對圖書館未來的走向，在組織變革、人員訓練、和作業方式等三方面，提出個人的建議·在組織變革方面，主張粗分式架構，分為資料處理組、資訊諮詢組、和技術支援組等三個組·在人員的養成和訓練方面，主張在學校教育中，引進一系列的電腦核心課程，同時大學圖書館也應研討出一套計劃和課程來協助館員，透過在職訓練，學習新的作業技能·在圖書館的運作上，提出未來的五個作業模式︰資料處理一元化、館藏虛擬化、流通電子化和自動化、參考工作專門化、和作業網路化·

This paper discusses how university libraries should adjust themselves to the impact of the new information technologies such as the World Wide Web the National Information Infrastructure and the Digital Library. These new information technologies will drastically reform university library operations and services in the near future. In order to take advantage of these new technologies the author believes university libraries should address themselves to three main aspects: organization librarian training and operations. In this paper several suggestions are proposed in this work in each of these three aspects.

隨著電腦與網路科技的運用，網路上有越來越多的資訊，儼然形成了另一個形式的圖書館。如何有效的組織檢索網路上各種不同的資源，一直是資訊使用者與整理者所希望解決的議題。機讀編目格式一直是圖書館作業自動化後整理組織圖書館資源的依據，但是否適合處理網路資源，討論聲音一直不斷。本文擬就機讀編目格式與Dublin Core發展背景，資料欄位架構，並就兩者資料結構來探討不同格式處理網路資源的議題與適用性。

With the growth of the information on the Internet, Internet forms a different type of libraries. It has been an issue on how to organize the information on the Internet and access effectively. The Machine Readable Catalog (MARC) format has been the standard of creating the records for the library collection. Is MARC right for the Internet sources? This article looks into the characters of MARC and Dublin Core to outlines the issues on organizing Internet sources.

隨著全球網際網路的發展與成長，國內許多文化機構紛紛計畫在網路上提供中文的資訊內容，政府方面也正朝向鼓勵發展數位博物館或電子圖書館的建置計畫。最早在台大發展的數位圖書館與博物館計畫「平埔探源」，其最終目的是要將台大圖書館中稀有的館藏與人類學系的獨特藏品加以數位化，以創造更有利的學術研究環境。對一個想要支援學術研究群體的數位圖書館，這些學者或研究人員將如何使用這類數位圖書館，特別是如何與獨特的資訊內容互動，是一個十分重要的議題。本文為筆者於臺灣地區從事台灣史料使用者資訊搜尋與使用研究之部份結果，針對古文書與檔案，探討平埔研究人員於真實的日常工作情境中的運用情形，並探討此一研究結果在資訊組織與檢索上的應用。

As a part of the national effort towards developing digital libraries, the NTU DL/M project has the initial goal of digitizing the scare historical records of Taiwan collected in the National Taiwan University Library, and some special collections from the Department of Anthropology, such as maps, photos, and articles of ethnic Taiwanese groups. These collections are raw materials valuable to the research community. But how those scholars or researchers make use of such a DL, especially how they interact with the information provided, is an important issue that has not been addressed. This paper reports the study of Taiwan research scholars, their tasks, activities and interactions with various resources. The results reveal why and how those scholars apply the tacit knowledge to their activities in order to acccomplish their tasks and in their use of resources such as historical records. Implications for system design and information organization are also discussed.

長久以來，圖書館的任務與使命在於蒐集各類傳統紙本印刷媒體資料與類比訊號之視聽媒體等資料以服務讀者。近年來，圖書館在面對各式電子資料、數位媒體以及網際網路的興起與普及的情況下，已開始改變原有的館藏發展政策，加強提供電子出版品服務，以滿足讀者的需求。在多媒體網路與數位化急速發展的趨勢下，圖書館必須瞭解並善用數位媒體發展趨勢與成果，時時發揮想像力，思索並開創新的服務，以開拓圖書館服務讀者的新境界。
對於未來數位圖書館的參考服務型式，筆者提出一些粗淺的想法，如：網上課程隨選服務、視訊參考服務、虛擬圖書館導覽服務、電子參考服務，以及線上廣播服務等，將是本文探討的重點。

With the emergence of new technologies that provide multimedia network services, libraries are no longer the lone providers of information. If libraries hope to lead information providers, libraries must understand the trend of digital media services and create new reference services for digital libraries in the future. Some reflections on new reference services, such as Course on Demand, Video Conferencing Reference Service, Virtual Library Tour, E-reference and online broadcasting service are introduced in the article.

系統介面上資訊的組織與呈現，與使用者資訊行為的瞭解息息相關。本文從圖書資訊學的角度分析Amazon.com網站之資訊組織原則與瀏覽介面設計之特徵，分別歸納為五大原則特色，對同以書籍資料為主的網站或電子圖書館之建置期有參考價值。

The information organization and representation on browsing interface is closely related to the users’ information seeking and use behavior. From the perspective of library information science, this article analyzes the webpage designing of an Internet Bookstore, the Amazon.com, its organizational principle and browsing interface. Its characteristics can be classified into 5 principles and 5 features. This analysis expects to offer referential value to the construction of similar websites or digital libraries.

詮釋資料通常用來描述數位圖書館藏品資源的特性，本文則是取詮釋資料最廣義的解釋─Data About Data，並將詮釋資料應用在數位圖書館系統間的互通。本文首先針對數位圖書館互通性下一定義，並介紹數位圖書館互通性的相關議題和方案。其次則是以Stanford數位圖書館計畫為例，說明詮釋資料在數位圖書館系統互通性上能夠扮演的角色。文中並闡述交通大學圖書館為解決數位圖書館互通性問題所提出的詮釋資料建構語言，並以交通大學圖書館虛擬聯合目錄系統來驗證詮釋資料建構語言的可行性。

The term “Metadata” is often used by information professions to refer to character the resources contained in a digital library. This paper adopts the broadest meaning of “Metadata”--Data about Data, and applies metadata to facilitate the inter-operation among digital library systems. It first defines digital library interoperability, its related issues and approaches. Then, citing as an instance the Stanford Digital Library Project to describe the roles that metadata can play in handling digital library interoperability. This paper also describes how National Chiao Tung University has tried to solve the problem of handling digital library interoperability by proposing the Metadata Modeling Language (MML), which is a language to define the metadata of digital-library contents and services, and define the translation of two kinds of metadata. Finally, a virtual union catalog system based on MML, called VUCS@NCTU, is implemented to vindicate the feasibility of MML.

國內一般數位圖書館網站多是由資料供應單位與系統設計者提出，鮮少考慮使用者的角度。本文以國科會主題計畫網站「淡水河溯源」為例，說明運用多元方法進行使用者評估的實證研究，並試圖提出一個數位圖書館與博物館使用者研究的應用模式。 本研究的假設前提為真正有價值的網站是與使用者的工作生活相融合，因此必須根基於使用者現實世界的資訊需求與行為習慣。本主題網站目標之一為支援鄉土教育，而教學網站包括教與學，擁有教師與學生不同的使用者群，如何設計有價值的教學網站必須兼顧不同使用族群與不同的使用目的與任務，其根基在於深入瞭解他們日常工作生活的現實。本研究的結果在網站建置階段可協助系統及內容建置小組充實其內容並改進介面之設計。

Most digital libraries in Taiwan are designed by content providers and system designers. The purpose of this research attempts to propose a user study model for empirical investigation of web users, using a case study of Taiwan Digital Museum Dan-Shwei River as an example. This article reports the multiple methods used and the results found in this study, including the design principles and some substantial suggestions for practice.

隨著網路資源的盛行，讀者所接觸之資訊來源也漸趨多元化，各種資料來源、類型以及使用方式也對讀者造成沉重的負擔。圖書館基於提供資訊服務的立場上，除了為讀者整理網路資源之外，也應該思考如何為讀者提供一種簡單而易用的檢索方式，設計規劃一多元化資訊檢索介面，整合各項資訊來源，將各種資料之查詢介面整合在圖書館WebPAC查詢介面中。本文將介紹利用Open URL技術及編碼原則，透過不同系統的查詢指令分析，將讀者所查詢的字串直接傳送至其他資料來源伺服器上，除了可以為讀者蒐集資訊資源之外，更進一步為讀者提供整合式檢索介面，方便讀者查詢資料。以南亞技術學院圖書館WebPAC為個案研究，依實際需求整合各項資訊來源，除了建立個別圖書館特色的檢索介面，並且可以引導讀者查詢相關資源。

With the growth of the Internet, readers have access to a growing array of information resources. The number and variety of these resources, however, have created new difficulties for users. Based on its commitment to information services, the library has collected resources and designed a simple way to retrieve various sorts of information. To integrate the information retrieval interface, we employ an OpenURL to automate the transfer of the user's query to different information servers. Nanya Library's WebPAC integrates information resources, including nearby university collections, electronic books, and Internet bookstores.