電子圖書館

本文主要在探討大學圖書館應如何來自我調整，以適應新一代電腦科技的衝擊，此波由 World Wide Web、NII、和電子圖書館三者所帶來的新科技，在不久的將來，會重新塑造圖書館的運作方式，而首當其衝者，正是扮演大學資料中心的大學圖書館·在本文中，作者針對圖書館未來的走向，在組織變革、人員訓練、和作業方式等三方面，提出個人的建議·在組織變革方面，主張粗分式架構，分為資料處理組、資訊諮詢組、和技術支援組等三個組·在人員的養成和訓練方面，主張在學校教育中，引進一系列的電腦核心課程，同時大學圖書館也應研討出一套計劃和課程來協助館員，透過在職訓練，學習新的作業技能·在圖書館的運作上，提出未來的五個作業模式︰資料處理一元化、館藏虛擬化、流通電子化和自動化、參考工作專門化、和作業網路化·

This paper discusses how university libraries should adjust themselves to the impact of the new information technologies such as the World Wide Web the National Information Infrastructure and the Digital Library. These new information technologies will drastically reform university library operations and services in the near future. In order to take advantage of these new technologies the author believes university libraries should address themselves to three main aspects: organization librarian training and operations. In this paper several suggestions are proposed in this work in each of these three aspects.

圖書館自動化系統藉由電腦將採訪、編目、期刊管理、流通與公共目錄作業整合，對於原來人工作業型態產生很大的衝擊，因之，許多圖書館發現傳統的組織結構與作業流程已不合適·1990年代以來，網際網路與電子圖書館的發展對圖書館帶來更大的挑戰·本文旨在探討大學圖書館技術服務組織重整的問題，首先檢視大學圖書館技術服務組織相關理論；其次，探究現代大學圖書館面臨的資訊科技、管理革命、與圖書館營運的課題，以了解其組織改變的背景；復次，就美國十所大學圖書館技術服務重組個案進行分析，並歸納其重組的原因與方式；最後論述我國大學圖書館技術服務的現況與問題，並提出建議·

Many university libraries have installed integrated library automation systems since 1980. As library automation has brought a lot of changes traditional library organizations and procedures don't meet the needs of libraries. Many university libraries undertake reorganization of technical services. This paper mainly discusses the reorganization of technical services in university libraries. First fundamental theories on library organization are reviewed. Second six important issues which modern university libraries face are explored. Third ten examples of reorganization of technical services in American university libraries are given detailed description. Fourth the present organizations and problems of technical services in Taiwan university libraries are reported. Finally the paper arrives at conclusions and makes suggestions.

電子圖書館是當今資訊界熱烈討論的話題及共同努力的目標，然而相關的討論與努力大都以「科技」觀點出發，而少涉及電子圖書館的本質。本文旨在澄清一般人對電子圖書館的幾個錯誤觀點，說明館藏在電子圖書館的重要性，尤其期許蛻變中的大學圖書館，發展成為一具有館藏特色的「電子學術圖書館」，並說明電子館藏之發展政策及館藏維護相關問題。

Electronic libraries have been popular topics recently and their establishment is the goal of lot efforts. However most discussions and efforts are focused on technical respect and rarely ouch the essence of electronic libraries. The purpose of this article is to clarify some incorrect view points, to emphasize the importance of collections in electronic libraries and also to explain their collection development policy and related maintenance problems. Especially, we anticipate the changing university libraries to develop into “Electronic Academic Libraries”, with special features on their collections.

本文以文獻分析法分析系統評估之研究。首先介紹系統評估之標準、系統評估之方法、系統評估之大型實證研究，以做為電子圖書館評估研究之基本背景。其次介紹電子圖書館之評估研究，並將此部分之焦點集中於學者專家們所提及的電子圖書館評估指標。最後，並針對電子圖書館評估研究提出建議，包括系統評估宜從使用者角度進行評估、系統評估應考慮系統週邊人員之觀點、系統評估應廣及各層次之評估、系統評估應採用量化及質化兼具之方法及從事電子圖書館之使用者研究。

This paper uses literature review method to analyze system evaluation research. It introduces researches on system evaluation criteria, system evaluation methods, and some empirical digital library evaluation researches. Finally, this article suggests that digital library evaluations should consider both system and user perspectives.

今日在全球資訊網上傳遞著大量的文字、影像或動畫等不同的檔案格式，更由於聲音與視訊等檔案轉換技術的快速進展，使得聲音和視訊檔案的編碼和解碼，變得容易很多。然而傳統的全球資訊網架構，在網路上傳輸聲音與視訊資料是有其困難的。本文將討論如何建置一個穩定且能整合其他檢索系統的視訊伺服器。並介紹幾個國內、外頗著名的電子圖書館計畫。

Today, a vast amount of text, images, graphics, and animation are being hosted and delivered by the WWW. With rapid advances in audio and video technologies, more and more content will be encoded and delivered by means of audio/video in addition to texts and images. However, conventional Web servers are designed for data services and have no provisions for delivering continuous media such as audio and Vid-e-o. This paper presents the design and implementation of a stable digital video server which could display continuous-media along with traditional Web services. Finally, the paper gives some cases studies of an integrated electronic library, in order to propose an outline for the initiation of an electronic library.