Vol.11 No.1

臺灣圖書資訊學碩士班已成立二十五年，但缺乏對畢業生就業市場與能力需求的探討，值此網際網路盛行與社會環境變遷之際，相關研究尤其重要。本論文針對臺灣6所圖書資訊學碩士班近5年畢業生，進行問卷調查。研究目的旨在探討圖書資訊學碩士畢業生就業市場趨向，服務機構分布，工作內容與要項，工作能力需求現況。希藉此研究以瞭解臺灣圖書資訊學碩士生就業情形，並提供圖書資訊學教育與課程規劃之參考。

It has been twenty-five years since National Taiwan University established its Master Programs of Library and Information Science (LIS) in 1980. But there is no any research about LIS Master graduates. It is very important to know the employment situation and work competence of LIS Master graduates. The research uses questionnairs to investigate LIS Master graduates in the past 5 years. The purpose of this research is to understand the LIS Master graduates' employment status and the working skills. According to the result, it makes some suggestions to LIS for designing curiculum in the future.

近年來大學或其它圖書館參與文物的數位典藏甚深，許多大學圖書館也設有特藏組、文物陳列室或博物館，但圖書館學界對於博物館文物的資訊組織研究，卻顯得相當稀少，無法深入理解文物資訊組織和圖書、期刊、網路資源資訊組織的差異何在。本文由博物館文物的資訊組織特性出發，提出博物館文物的資訊組織必需符合「物質文化」研究的需求，其次則指出數位典藏的Metadata標準並不完全適用於博物館文物的資訊組織，並比較各種博物館資訊組織標準以顯示其特性所在，最後則對博物館文物資訊組織的研究和標準發展工作上提出若干建議。

In recent years, universities and libraries have been participating digital collection. Many university libraries have established special collection unit, display room, or museum. Unfortunately the academic researches on museum information organization are scanty and unable to probe into the differences between the information organization of collections and books, periodicals, and Internet resources. This paper focuses on the features of information organization, proposes the need for information organization to meet the demands of "material culture" research, points out that Metadata standard for digital collection is not completely applicable to museum information organization, compares the museum information organization standard and shows the features, and lastly, makes suggestions to research and standard development of museum information organization.

「全國檔案目錄查詢網」係為使用者查詢政府檔案資訊的重要管道，惟該查詢網在設計開發階段，並未進行使用者之測試作業，了解使用者之使用意見，且該查詢網自正式開放以來，其使用人次統計數據的成長率並無明顯變化，故本文旨在以訪談方式深入了解使用者使用全國檔案目錄查詢網的原因、經驗、評價及建議等，並據以評估系統是否需要改善，以及可能的改善空間。

"National Electronic Archival Retrieval" system is an important channel for users to retrieve government information. However, there are no user€'s surveys during its testing period, and the usage rate doesn€'t increase significantly. It is necessary to understand the users' satisfaction with this system. This study proceeds with interviews, approaches to find out the users' usages, opinions and suggestions, and thus evaluates the system and its improvements.

本文係參酌 €"Guidelines for Media Resources in Academic Libraries€"與 "Guidelines for Audiovisual and Multimedia Materials in Libraries and Other Institutions"€兩份視聽媒體指導方針內容，來論述目前臺灣地區大學圖書館視聽服務有待克服的問題有：視聽服務的組織編制、人員的養成與繼續教育、與校內其他相關單位的合作、視聽媒體整合至教學課程、視聽媒體內容的保存、視聽媒體的編目、視聽媒體的館際合作等問題。

According to the "Guidelines for Media Resources in Academic Libraries" and "Guidelines for Audiovisual and Multimedia Materials in Libraries and Other Institutions" which are proposed by ALA and IFLA respectively, libraries may design and provide their audiovisual services with these guiding principles. However, the content and manipulation of services would be varied in librarianship due to the worldwide dissimilar conditions. From the perspective of these two guidelines, this article discusses the administration of audiovisual services in Taiwanese librarianship. Especially, it focuses on difficulties that academic libraries have to overcome, including organization of audiovisual services department, cultivation and continuing education of librarians, cooperation between library and intramural units, integration of audiovisual services into curricula, preservation and classification of audiovisual materials, and interlibrary loan of audiovisual materials among academic libraries.

本研究利用文獻分析法，探討圖書館與教師建立良好夥伴關係的方法，以及瞭解教師與館員共同推動圖書館利用指導與資訊素養教育的合作模式；另利用問卷調查法，探究景文技術學院館員與教師合作推廣圖書館資源方案的實施成效。最後提出幾項研究結論與建議，做為目前從事圖書館利用指導及資訊素養教育的大專校院圖書館同道參考。

Through literature reviews, this study explores approaches in building great relationships between faculty and library, in addition to outline several collaborative models for faculties and librarians to implement library instruction and information literacy education. This study also conducts a questionnaire survey to investigate the achievement and effectiveness of a program that is implemented by librarians and faculties together in Jin-Wen Institute of Technology for promoting library resources. Finally, several summaries and recommendations are made by the study as references to all university and college libraries in Taiwan.

本論文的研究目的為分析水產研究人員的隱性知識在學術傳播的分享方式，探討水產研究人員隱性知識分享的現況，並綜合研究發現，提供水產專門研究之圖書館提供服務的方向。本研究以質性研究為取向，主要採取深度訪談法，輔以參與觀察和相關文獻資料來進行資料蒐集，研究對象為水產試驗所研究人員，於民國九十四年八月至十月間採取立意的配額取樣，針對十六位研究人員進行深度訪談，其後將資料予以歸納分析、編碼與詮釋，最後作結果呈現。研究結果顯示，水產研究人員的隱性知識是屬於專業實踐的現場知識；分享的方法是直接的溝通方式；隱性知識轉移的重要性因為層級與認知不同而有差異。研究建議，成立隱性知識分享小組，並進一步提昇圖書館成為知識中心。

This study is a quantitative research to explore researchers' tacit knowledge sharing behaviors of the Fisheries Research Institute in Taiwan. The goal is to enhance library's services to fisheries researchers through this understanding. The study has depth interviewed 16 researchers from different departments of the Institute. In addition, their relevant work documents such as laboratory diaries and project notes are also reviewed.
The study shows that researchers€' tacit knowledge is the knowledge of professional practice. Their sharing method mainly is direct communication through conference, meeting, and laboratory diaries and notes. The study found that the Institute lacks a systematic mechanism to display researchers€' tacit knowledge. The importance of the transfer of tacit knowledge is not firmly recognized. Thus, the study suggests that creating specified groups and establishing environment for sharing tacit knowledge in the Institute are needed. Also, the Institute could enhance library€ functions to become a fisheries knowledge management center in Taiwan.

矽谷典例─美國加州聖荷西聯合共同使用圖書館乃孕育終身學習之搖籃，此學術和公立聯合使用圖書館提供串聯性整體服務，學術和公立圖書館員天衣無縫得肩併肩，為使用者打造終身學習之基。

The San Jose joint library in California, USA provides a powerful bonded site to deliver services for lifelong learning. Academics and public librarians work side by side seamlessly, helping users from the general community as well as from the university campus to meet their learning objectives with this state-of-the-art facility.

本文介紹美國圖書館員的工作內容、工作條件、教育與訓練、入職資格、薪資水準和就業前景的概況，冀望對有興趣了解美國圖書館員這一行業的人士（包括希望來美國求學的學生和求職者）具參考價值。

This article is intended to provide information to students and job searchers who may be interested in pursuing a career in librarianship in the United States of America. It describes the nature of the work, working environment, requirements, education and training, advancement, salaries, and prospects for American librarians.

本文論述我們現今生活在一個新世紀，大環境首次出現一個資訊與知識的流通幾乎是零成本的數位時代。然而，資訊的取得和使用卻漸形困難，這主要是歸因於整個資訊產品與服務商品化的國際趨勢，以及伴隨而來愈來愈嚴苛的智慧財產權制度。這個發展將人們隔絕於重要資訊之外也從而剝奪了一項基本人權—資訊取得權。在本文中並論及經濟因素的重要性之於智慧財產權已遠大於道德與社會的因素，這使得智慧財產權系統中既有的雙重本質失衡，而有利於所有權/獨家的論據；以及在這個趨勢下對於資訊原創者、原住民族以及發展中國家的影響。

It is argued that we are living in an new era where the digital environment for the first time allows the creation of an information commons. The information and knowledge can be distributed to the largest number of people at nearly zero cost. However, access to and use of information has become increasingly difficult. This is mainly due to the international trend to commodify information products and services and the accompanied strengthening of intellectual property rights. This leads to the exclusion of people from accessing essential information, thereby denying them a fundamental human right – the right of accessing to information. In this puper shows that the economic argument on justifying intellectual property has become more important than the moral and social factors. This has brought an imbalance in the dual nature of intellectual property systems, favouring the ownership/exclusion argument. It is demonstrated how this shift has impacted on the original creators of information, indigenous peoples and developing countries.