機構典藏

圖書館面對愈來愈多的數位資源必須思考如何管理與典藏。本文將數位館藏分為四個類型，分別解釋其意義與舉例說明。然後針對文化資源，提出大學圖書館由內而外的文化保存策略及電子資源發展藍圖，包括數位典藏、機構典藏、網頁典藏與免費學術電子資源等。最後討論大學圖書館應積極思考如何將數位館藏納入圖書館技術服務的一般流程中，以使數位館藏在圖書館裡發揮其應該扮演的角色。

With the ever increasing volume of digital objects, it is imperative for libraries to design strategies for collecting, preserving, and incorporating digital resources into the library's collection. In this paper, we classify digital collections into four categories, according to their relationship with physical resources. We then point out that university libraries should play a more active role in preserving cultural heritage, and map out a strategy for this purpose. A developmental strategy for managing free digital resources is then outlined. We conclude the paper with a discussion of the issues libraries should consider when incorporating digital resources into their collection.

在網路化和數位化浪潮的推波助瀾之下，學術傳播的模式與數位出版的發展有許多改變，大學圖書館必須同時扮演傳統圖書館與數位圖書館的雙重角色，並且均衡處理實體和虛擬館藏的佈局。因此，如何走出重重困境，創造圖書館的新氣象，考驗著圖書館員的智慧。本文由學術傳播、公開取用、機構典藏等面向對館藏發展的衝擊，探討數位時代館藏發展的新挑戰。最後提出關注學術傳播的變遷、形塑電子館藏管理的新觀點、邁入館藏內容管理的新思維、促進校園知識管理的整合、置身於數位化學術出版的一環、重視資訊取用系統的便利性、培育圖書館員的新技能以及強化圖書資訊學的課程等建議，供同道參考。

The changing nature of scholarly communication and electronic publishing greatly challenge the library collection development in an electronic age. As a result Academic libraries need to integrate printed material and virtual collection. This paper aims at tracing the influence and the forces affecting the production, dissemination, and use of scholarly and scientific information. After discussing the movement of Open Access and Institutional Repositovative, creative, and affordable ways of sharing scholarly findings and tries to build common understandings of the challenges presented by electronic scholarly communication and to generate strategies for transforming the collection development.

本文主要由網站典藏的重要性，介紹世界各國一些重點網站典藏計畫，在實務及學術討論方面的最新發展。其中，網站典藏計畫的策略可分為機構典藏和事件典藏二項重點。其中各計畫針對重大事件的網站典藏，更能彰顯網站典藏的重要性，其徵集內容不但是歷史的一手資料，亦成為典藏單位的館藏特色。超越傳統圖書館的徵集任務與館藏管理，網站典藏庫可提供為文化資產的長久的保存及可即性，提供未來世代研究網站發展、學術議題及歷史進程等重要的研究資源。

This paper reviews the significance and recent development of web archiving projects and includes a summary of the current state of web archiving in many countries. This paper focuses on NTUWAS as an example of an archive which combines approaches for acquiring information collections, and establishs institutional repository and eventsoriented web sites for future studies.

本文透過以內容分析法觀察目前國內外大學機構典藏網站的發展現況，作為初期建構機構典藏系統平台時所需具備之基礎功能項目。本文發現機構典藏系統平台著重之基本功能項目重點都放在典藏內容資料檢索、權限設定、統計分析、長久保存，以及和其它系統之互通性等功能面。在系統實作部份，透過內容分析結果增修系統程式與功能，提升系統效能與後端管理，進行中文化及客製化程式修改、Metadata著錄欄位、擬訂相關作業文件、蒐集機構內學術著作、查核與授權、開放OAI-PMH等管理流程。

In this study, we investigated the recent development of Institutional Repositories (IR) by universities through content analysis to achieve a better understanding of systems necessary functions. It was discovered that the essential functions of an IR include the search and retrieval of items, authority setting, statistical analysis, long-time preservation and the interoperability with other systems. Based on the results of the content analysis, we developed an IR system for National Tsing-Hua University (NTHU) using the DSpace software protocol, then increased and amended the program and the functions of the system. These improvements included enhancing the effectiveness of system operation and management, localizing this system in traditional Chinese, and developing customized programs to serve specific functions. Increased management effectivity was achieved by developing the metadata model, drafting standard operation procedures (SOP) and related documents, collating and analyzing the research output of the university, checking the validity of authorization, and enabling the OAI-PMH data provider functions.

機構典藏乃運用資訊科技將組織成員的學術產出以數位方式保存，進而達到
檢索與利用的目的，為現今重要學術傳播趨勢。本文首先探索企業管理中行銷概
念在機構典藏上的應用，說明市場行銷導向如何增進機構典藏效率的方法；其次
介紹國外三所同樣採用DSpace作為機構典藏系統之大學：堪薩斯大學、印第安那
大學－普渡大學、以及香港科技大學，三校所採行的方案及運作機制皆有值得參
酌之處；再者分享臺大機構典藏推廣經驗，及實際推展上所遭遇問題，並提供有
效解決方案，殆可供作國內相關機構擬著手展開機構典藏時之實作參考。

An institutional repository (IR) is responsible for preserving an academic institution’s research output in digital format in order to facilitate information access and utilization. This article explains how enterprise management strategies can be applied by an institutional repository in order to enhance its efficiency. This article also examines the implementation of DSapce, an IR system at Kansas University (KU), Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) and Hong Kong University of Science & Technology (HKUST). Furthermore, this article details the experiences of implementing the National Taiwan University’s own institutional repository, discussing the issues encountered and solutions employed during its development.

機構典藏系統保存學術機構的研究成果，並作為使用者取得學術研究成果的新管道，已是現代學術圖書館必須積極推動的資訊服務。目前臺灣各大專校院在教育部的推動下，紛紛建置各自的機構典藏系統，已充分展現各自的研究特色與學術影響。為了以臺灣作為一個主體，向國際學術社群展現臺灣整體的學術成果與研究能量，建置一機構典藏共享平台，被視為現階段臺灣機構典藏發展的重點。「臺灣學術機構典藏（Taiwan Academic Institutional Repository，簡稱TAIR）」的建置與發展，是遵循著「分散建置、整合應用」的精神，建構整合的跨機構的學術成果典藏與共享平台系統，呈現出臺灣學術機構典藏的豐富面貌，共同分享臺灣各大專校院的學術研究成果，最大化臺灣的學術能量。本文將介紹國際上相關平台系統的發展，說明臺灣學術機構典藏共享平台的發展與功能，討論系統平台的建置過程與實作經驗，分享機構典藏共享平台的建置技術、遭遇的困難與挑戰。

The institutional repository (IR) preserves the research outputs of academic institutions and provides a new channel for accessing scholarly information. It has become a “must-have” information service of any university library or academic library, with many universities creating their own independent repositories. Funded by the Ministry of Education, Taiwanese Institutional repositories enable each university to demonstrate their specialties and academic achievements. To further unify research resources and demonstrate the academic prowess of Taiwan, an “umbrella” organization was established to integrate the nation’s institutional repositories. The founding ethos of the Taiwan Academic Institutional Repository (TAIR) was “distributed construction, integrated application” with the objective of harvesting resources from all IR systems and then forming an academic portal in order to share research results. This article considers related systems from around the world, examines the features of TAIR and discusses the challenges faced during its development, implementation and technical evolution.

我國技職教育的發展方向主要是配合國內經濟發展所需，亦步亦趨的前進，到目前為止已是與普通教育佔相同的重要性，雖然在許多客觀因素不足的情形下，仍然堅毅地發展出許多特色，包含教師們的產學合作、專利發明及學生們的專題製作報告，這些便成為機構典藏的蒐集對象。本文特別以技職院校中的一員?修平技術學院為例，說明在機構典藏發展的歷程，機構典藏使用情形以及帶來的益處，與國內的各界同道分享，期盼藉由我們的一小步，能夠為國內技職院校的機構典藏勾勒出一大步。

Developments in Taiwanese technological/vocational education should progress in line with what is necessary to advance the industry and economy of the nation. Technological education now plays as important a role as general education, and continues to make significant contributions to national development, even under trying circumstances. These contributions include the industrial cooperation of staff, registry of patents and the project reports of students, all of which would constitute the primary
material for an institutional repository. This paper will examine the Institutional repository of Hsiuping Institute of Technology as a potential model for other technological universities and institutes in Taiwan. By presenting the progress made in developing this facility, including what functions and benefits it provides, it is hoped that even greater progress will be made in developing institutional repositories for use in the sphere of technical education.

機構典藏因涉及著作之重製與公開傳輸，又與其相關成員對外投稿或出版有關，著作權議題乃成為機構典藏執行人員及作者共同的疑慮。本文首先由著作權法角度觀察，認為機構典藏與著作權法同以促進國家文化發展為目標，法制上應存在合理的解決途徑；次再針對機構典藏所涉機構、成員、出版單位間之著作權歸屬，以及能否透過合理使用解決機構典藏相關著作利用進行法律分析，並嘗試就前開分析結果提出解決方案，以供機構典藏執行單位作為參考。

The work of an institutional information repository involves the reproduction and promulgation of academic work for public use. It also invariably involves submitting or publishing materials to or in conjunction with a publisher, necessitating executive members and authors having to negotiate any arising copyright issues. From the point view of copyright law, an Institutional repository is charged with promoting the development of national culture, and therefore there should be a reasonable way for solving copyright issues. This paper focuses on the legal analysis of academic product copyright ownership and if the fair use system could be adopted as the legal basis for an Institutional repository. Based on the above analysis, this paper tries to provide some solutions for Institutional repositories to be recategorized as reference resources.

機構典藏系統的建置，除了保存了機構的學術成果，也提供使用者一個新的學術研究管道。臺灣學術機構典藏系統在現有架構下搭建出一個整合的機構典藏交流平台，可以分享臺灣各大學校院豐富的學術研究成果，並提昇臺灣在國際之學術能見度。本文主要探討臺灣的學術機構典藏之推展，並提出建議以供相關單位參考。

Establishing institutional repositories can preserve research achievements and also provide users with a new channel for academic research. The Taiwan Academic Institutional Repository (TAIR) has created an integrated platform for institutional repository interflow. Incorporating already existing networks, TAIR enables users to access the wealth of research achievements accumulated by Taiwan’s universities and colleges, promoting the international profile of the nation in the academic field. This article seeks to introduce the development of institutional repositories in Taiwan and propose future goals for their promotion and evelopment.

本文論述大學推展機構典藏服務之重要性與現有推廣上所遭遇的問題，如學校行政支援、教師自我典藏意識不高、數位化典藏之著作權授權、人力資源的訓練等困難，並提出圖書館目前因應的現況與採行的解決辦法。最後，以國立政治大學圖書館推展機構典藏的過程、經驗與階段性成果提供給各界參考。

Many academic libraries are often faced with the challenge of developing and popularizing the use of an institutional repository. This paper discusses the various issues associated with providing repository services, and explores the current strategies and organizational activities employed by libraries when introducing them. It presents the experiences and results of the National Chengchi University libraries in handling the tasks of institutional repository development, promotion, and marketing.