大學圖書館

本文主要探討組織文化的意義與發展、分析圖書資訊學界以組織文化為研究主題之相關文獻，並以四篇探究學術圖書館組織文化之博士論文為例，指出中西方學術圖書館組織文化之共同點。

This paper investigates the definition of organizational culture and how it has been developed with reference to four dissertations that focus on academic library organizational culture. An attempt will be made to point out the similarity between American and Taiwanese academic library cultures.

遠距教育改變了高等教育的形態，遠距學習者在茫茫網路大海中探索，亟需圖書館服務。但受限於網路環境與學習型態，圖書館對於遠端使用者很難提供與對校園師生相同服務。因此，美國學院與研究圖書館學會(ACRL)多年倡導遠距學習圖書館服務的觀念，屢次研訂相關指南，以及進行全國大學圖書館遠距學習服務調查。本文旨在研究美國大學遠距學習圖書館服務的理念與經營；首先，探討大學遠距教育的發展，並瞭解遠距學習社群的特色與需求；其次，析述遠距學習圖書館服務的意涵與要件；復次，以美國三所大學圖書館個案說明遠距學習圖書館服務模式。最後，他山之石可攻錯，藉重美國遠距學習圖書館服務成果對我國未來發展提出建言。

Distance education has been a major force in shaping higher education. As distance learners need strong learner support systems outside classroom time, the methods of providing two-way communication such as counselling, coaching, and library services have been developed. This article mainly discusses the development of distance learning library services of higher education in the U.S.A. It studies the philosophy and components of the distance learning library services with a detailed introduction of ACRL's Guidelines. Finally, it reviews the current status of distance learning services in American universities libraries as well as three case studies with detailed descriptions.

隨著網際網路時代降臨，大學圖書館提供Web化資訊服務已相當普遍，藉由分析大學圖書館網站內容特色、資源與服務的提供方式，應對提昇大學圖書館網站服務品質有莫大助益。本文以十所美國著名大學圖書館網站為研究對象，進行網站首頁內容分析評比，並對臺大圖書館網站資源與服務進行綜合比較分析，研究結果可作為大學圖書館建置與改善網站服務之參考。

The “Internet decade” has brought an increasing demand for university libraries to provide information resources and services on the Internet. The purpose of this study is to examine the web resources and services of the top ten American university library web sites in comparison with the web sites of National Taiwan University. Some preliminary results have been obtained, including the importance of library web searching and browsing mechanisms. Several problems with web site interfaces and ways of service providing are discussed. The findings should be valuable for library web design.

雖然我國大學圖書館已經具體推動若干館際合作業務、組成聯盟引進國外資料庫、建立文獻傳遞系統，但這些仍只是合作館藏發展之基礎工作而已。所謂合作館藏發展，必須是圖書館之間在館藏的建立及管理等方面有正式的協議，圖書館的館藏發展政策互為影響，而且保證彼此的館藏能夠互相依賴。本研究室以問卷調查法探討我國大學圖書館合作館藏發展之現況，以及對於合作館藏發展、合作採訪電子資源、合作館藏發展之規劃的看法。

University libraries in Taiwan understand the significance of cooperative collection development and have already promoted some cooperation programs. But, in terms of cooperative collection development, to form consortia in order to import foreign electronic database, or , to establish document delivery systerm, are merely basic requirement. Libraries need to work out a formal cooperation program which ensures their collection development policies are interdependent. Questionnaire was used in this study to investigate the issuses concerning cooperative collection development of university libraries in Taiwan.

圖書館組織經歷經費緊縮、科技快速變遷、人事精簡與讀者日益多元化之資訊需求等難題，身處於變遷如此劇烈的環境中，圖書館館員產生了比以往更大的工作壓力。過度的工作壓力會影響館員的工作績效，故圖書館組織對於館員個人之工作壓力不宜置身事外，而應正視此問題之重要性。要做好圖書館館員之壓力管理，則須先了解館員工作壓力源所在，方能面對工作壓力提出解決之道。筆者以我國公立大學暨學院圖書館館員為研究對象，進行探索性之調查研究，探討圖書館組織中的各種工作壓力源。研究結果顯示科技變遷與工作負荷過重為受訪館員的最大二項工作壓力源。

Libraries are subject to on-going financial and staffing restrains, continuing technological change, and rising patron expectations which have resulted in increased job stress. Stress is not a naturedly bad thing- it may be stimulating, motivating and provide excitement to individuals. However, when it exceeds individual librarian's ability to cope it becomes harmful both to library and staff. The purpose of this study is trying to identify the job-related stressors in the library settings of national universities and colleges in Taiwan. The study indicates that technological change and workload are the most stressful factors.

本文旨在分析並比較台灣與美國大學或學術圖書館專業期刊之研究議題；透過對圖書資訊學專業期刊的分析，可瞭解不同國家在研究主題的特色與差異，從中國學習他國的研究經驗，作為我國圖書資訊學域未來發展的參考。因此本研究以1998至2002年間的《大學圖書館》與《College & Research Libraries》為分析對象，分別代表台灣與美國的大學或學術圖書館專業期刊；研究發現兩期刊在研究主題的比重上確實存在差異；特別是《大學圖書館》較強調「資訊科技」的研究，《College & Research Libraries》則較著重「理論與歷史」的論述。

This article is a comparative research regarding journals of academic librarianship in Taiwan and United States. By analyzing the subjects of the articles in 《University Library Journal》and《College & Research Libraries》, the researcher planed to understand the differences of research interests between the two countries. The result reveals that《University Library Journal》emphasizes information technology more while《College & Research Libraries》pays more attention to theory and history.

近年來圖書館為因應科技發展與使用者需求，以數位方式進行的參考服務隨之而生。本研究以文獻分析和問卷調查，探討數位參考服務 之意義、內涵、形式與實施狀況，同時瞭解我國大學圖書館位樣參考服務的現況及對其之看法。研究顯示我國部分的大學圖書館數位參考服務，電子郵件是最普遍使用的方式，國內外大學圖書館數位參考服務差異最大的在於線上交談，而聯合數位參考服務是未來的趨勢之一。

To meet users' need and respond to the development of technology, libraries have begun to devote themselves to digital reference services recently. The study uses literature review and questionnaire survey to explore the following issues: the meaning, scope, forms of digital reference services, and the experiences and attitude toward it. According to the survey, most university libraries in Taiwan provide digital reference services, and E-mail is the most popular form. The local difference between Taiwan and foreign countries is online chatting, and collaborative digital reference services are considered he trend in the future.

民國88年的921集集大地震，造成臺灣中部圖書館書架損失慘重。位於新竹市甲大學圖書館與中壢市乙大學總圖書館之書架，也同樣遭受到嚴重的破壞。本文利用中央氣象局在此二棟圖書館各樓層已裝設之?震儀，分析這些?震儀於921地震中所記錄之地震反應資料，並輔以兩館之書架平面配置關係、圖書館結構系統與實際震害調查，從中研究圖書館書架在?震中之主要破壞模式與書架發生破壞之原因。本文並為館方提供一些考慮因素，減低書架再度遭受破壞的可能性。

Earthquake damage is not limited merely to the structural integrity of buildings; indeed, the damage to nonstructural components can render facilities entirely inoperable in the aftermath of an earthquake, leading to loss of life or property. In two such instances in Taiwan, the Chi-Chi Earthquake and the Oct. 22 Earthquake of 1999, the cantilever library shelves in one University in Hsin-Chu City and one University in Jung-Li City were seriously damaged due to their lack of earthquake-resistant devices in the shelves. In this paper, we examine flood vibration acceleration records from seismometers installed in several floors of these two libraries by the Central Weather Bureau. The records are analyzed by comparing the shelf arrangement to the library's floor plan. The library's structural system is examined as well, to put these shelf failures in their context, clarifying the cause and pattern of the shelves’ failure. The experiment also yields rules that librarians may use to plan ideal shelving for earthquake-resistant facilities.

知識管理的發展使圖書館的服務多元化，加以近年國內大專校院設立或改制頗多，其圖書館服務亦需擴大或強化，使圖書館遷館工作(Library moving)成為管理的重點。管理不當，輕則反覆排架造成資源浪費，重者造成圖書資源的毀損，對圖書館經營是一項重大的挑戰；然國內外相關之研究卻甚少。本研究問卷調查臺灣地區162所大專校院圖書館，將理序自文獻的遷館工作內涵，包括遷館作業構面與遷館成效評量構面，採Likert五點量表供館務主管表述其經驗或觀點，並以統計軟體SPSS檢證與分析，探討遷館的關鍵成功因素。研究結果顯示，遷館工作之成效評量首重遷館時程、排架誤差，次為搬遷人力、搬遷經費與突發狀況等控制。館員認為影響遷館工作之最重要的五個作業依序為人力規劃、館藏規劃、搬遷方式規劃、空間排架準備、時程規劃。若以遷館工作的規劃作業、前置作業、執行作業與全員參與作業等四個作業構面而言，則以規劃作業最重要，是成功的關鍵。另，影響館員對遷館工作認知之差異來源為圖書館相關工作年資與公私立校院別。

Academic libraries have been speeding up and extending their services on facultiesand students through the development of knowledge management. This has made librarymoving an unavoidable mammoth task and requiring a systematic approach. The keysuccess factor (KSF) for library moving should be emphasized, but few academic studiesin the literature address this issue. This research puzzles out some critical activities andkey criteria on successful library moving, and conducts questionnaire on 162 universityand college libraries in Taiwan. Librarian heads are asked to fill in their backgroundinformation and moving experience on the questionnaire. Their comments on movingactivities and successful moving, where having experienced or not experienced such aproject, are made by a five-point Likert's scale. Collected data will be processed by SPSSin order to identify KSFs. This study indicates that the key criteria for successful librarymoving, in order, are schedule control, book shelving control, manpower control, costcontrol, and emergency control. The critical moving activities are responsibility matrixmaking, inventory checking/future collecting, outsourcing, scheduling in the planningphase, and bookshelf preparing in the preparing phase. Furthermore, a librarian'sprofessional working years and whether the university or college is supported by thegovernment or by a board of trustees will indeed influence the importance ranking onmoving activities.

圖書館屬於功能性建築，學術圖書館建築的規劃，在於順應使用者需求以及機構目標，釐清使用者需求為建築規劃首要課題。歷來圖書館的規劃以館藏、讀者與館員三者為空間需求主要考量，由於科技、政治、經濟、社會變遷和館藏的變化，圖書館建築規劃持續面臨挑戰。本研究目的主要為藉由蒐集國內外大學圖書館建築規劃與使用者需求調查等文獻，分析大學圖書館使用者建築空間需求趨勢，再以嘉義大學為個案，實證調查大學師生空間需求特質。採用的研究方法包括文獻分析、焦點團體訪談、問卷調查。本研究最後提出七項結論：一、館藏空間仍是使用者最重視的圖書館建築空間；二、教師、研究生與大學生的資訊行為與圖書館使用行為有極大差異；三、不同學域師生在資訊與圖書館空間使用行為上有很大差異；四、課程輔助機制的空間為教師與學生重要需求；五、電子資源的發展為圖書館空間需求主要影響因素；六、館員的使用者研究對整體圖書館建築規劃具有重要影響；七、使用者資訊行為與空間使用行為有持續變化特質，圖書館空間需求亦將持續變遷。

A library is a functional building. The designing of an academic library should serve and support the needs of the users and the goals of the institute. To identify the needs of the users would be the most important topic of architecture designing. Previously, the functions of an academic library were mainly to fulfill three purposes: housing for the collections, service to readers, and space for staff activities. Recently the library architecture designing has been challenged by the growth of library collections as well as the rapid changes of technology, politics, economics, and society. The purpose of this study is to analyze the users' needs for the space of an academic library building. To achieve the goal, the investigator collected literature on the designing of academic library buildings and surveys of users' needs. Furthermore, I used the library of NCYU as a case study to do empirical investigation of the faculty, students and librarians' needs for library space. The methodology of the study include literature analysis, focus groups interview, and questionnaire survey. Based on the findings of the study, the investigator provides seven conclusions for overall users' needs of an academic library in the following: 1.Collection space is the most important for faculty, students and librarians.2.There are many differences in information and library space user behavior among faculty, graduate and undergraduate students.3.There is significant difference in users of different academic areas on the use of information and library space.4. It is an important requirement that an academic library should provide space and facility to support teaching and learning.5.The influence of e-resources is the main factor to the users needs of a library space.6.Librarian devoted to studying users' needs is valuable for the designing of a library building.The information and space using behavior of the users are subject to change and so should the library space continue to meet the challenge.