Electronic resources

圖書館組成聯盟進行電子資源的採購工作，應該可以節省有關作業所需的人力物力，並能獲得更好的使用條件及價格，但目前多數聯盟採購正面臨若干困難而降低了預期效益。在這些困難中，由於廠商過於重視利益，設計出複雜紊亂之計價模式和不平等的授權合約，成為圖書館必須解決的主要困境。本文認為聯盟得採用著作權法、圖書館法和公平交易法等相關條文，依法要求廠商配合修正計價模式和授權合約等不合理之處；同時亦要爭取行政院的支持和公平交易委員會之協助，期能促進聯盟採購之效益，保障圖書館永續經營的使命。

Consortia purchasing for electronic resources has been viewed as an effective way to save cost and labor, and also to gain more bargaining power. However, most consortia face the difficulties of complicated pricing models and unfair licensing agreements. The author believes that related regulations, such as Copyright Law, Library Law and Fair Trade Act, should apply when e-resource agents are requested to modify the pricing models and licensing agreements. It is also vital for consortia to gain the support of the government and assistance from the Fair Trade Commission in order to improve the efficiency of consortia purchasing.

圖書送存制度是圖書館庋藏當代圖書文獻的一種重要的方式，我國圖書館法已明訂電子資源法定送存之必要性，但業者對於電子資源配合法定送存的意願始終裹足不前。為瞭解電子資源法定送存問題，本文以美國、英國、澳洲、加拿大與我國為例，簡述各國電子資源法定送存的制度與作業現況，並利用深度訪談方式，邀請國內具國家圖書館實務工作經驗、瞭解電子資源館藏發展議題之學者專家以及數位出版業者進行深度訪談，以探究受訪者對於我國國家圖書館進行電子資源法定送存作業的意見與期許，根據訪談結果，最終擬具結論與建議，提供我國國家圖書館未來推動電子資源法定送存制度之參考。

Legal deposit is an important way to collect documents for the library. The Library Act of Taiwan subscribes the necessity of depositing electronic resources, but publishers have been hesitant to do so. In order to understand the issue of legal deposit of electronic resources, systems in the U.S., U.K., Australia, Canada and Taiwan are taken as examples to explain the actual situation. In-depth interviews are pursued for a systematic investigation into the opinion of scholars, experts and digital publishers. It is expected that this will provide impetus and paradigms for an electronic resources legal deposit system in Taiwan€'s National Central Library.

由於電子資源蓬勃興起，大學圖書館紛紛引進以滿足師生教學研究之需求，然同時預算規模卻未見增加，加以電子資源市場，尤其是電子期刊部份，每年皆以平均7%～10%漲幅成長，使得圖書館對電子期刊使用及其效益，需要有更清楚的了解與掌握。本研究目的希望能探討電子期刊E-Metrics評鑑相關理論與研究，以ARL E-Metrics計畫為基礎，對大學圖書館電子期刊提出績效評鑑模式芻議與實證分析。

Due to the fast growth of electronic resources, there is a trend for university libraries to acquire such resources to meet the research needs of their users. The libraries' expenditure for electronic resources, especially electronic journals, has been growing at an average rate of 7% to 10% each year, an increase unmatched by the yearly budget. Therefore, it is important for libraries to identify the real usage of the acquired electronic journals, and their benefit to researches at the institution. Through empirical analysis, this study aims to formulate an assessment model for a library's subscription of electronic journals.

大英圖書館電子館藏發展的基礎，除了訂定館藏發展政策外，並推動有關電子館藏建置的多項徵集計畫，借鏡大英圖書館的發展經驗，本文介紹該館館藏發展策略及其推動電子館藏建置的相關計畫或政策，包括：電子出版品法定送存工作計畫、網站資源徵集政策、館藏數位化計畫及其數位保存政策，最終綜合分析擬具結論，期許提供我國國家圖書館電子館藏發展規劃的參考。

The development of the electronic resources collection in the British Library is founded on its collection development policy and electronic resources acquisition plans. In this paper, the electronic collection development plans of the British Library are taken as examples to explain their state-of-the-art programs, including voluntary deposit of non-print publications, web archiving, collection digitisation, and digital preservation policy. From the study, conclusions are proposed as reference for National Central Library in Taiwan.

電子資源及網路越來越普及，越來越多的資料可以透過網路取得，再加上圖書館經費的縮減，以「取得」(access)代替「收藏」（ownership）的館藏觀念也不斷地被提起，爭論亦是不少。有些人認為未來會有許多的資源是以電子形式呈現，紙本將會漸被取代，許多資料將會是「依需求」出版。所以圖書館重視收藏的觀念應該改變，圖書館只要能在讀者需要時設法取得即可。目前我國大學圖書館雖然積極推廣電子資源的利用，但似乎缺乏適當的館藏發展政策，也似乎未能站在讀者的角度來規劃電子資源的蒐藏與利用。本研究利用問卷調查探討圖書館員及大學教師對於圖書館提供電子資源的看法，比較圖書館員與大學教師對於圖書館應收藏何種電子資源的看法，以及分析比較圖書館員與大學教師對於「取得」與「收藏」二種館藏觀念的看法。研究結果顯示，圖書館員及大學教師都重視電子資源的重要性，資料類型是選擇電子資源的重要考慮因素，但大學教師與圖書館員對館藏量與取得的看法有顯著的差異。另外，大學教師與圖書館員對電子資源「取得」和「收藏」的優缺點看法大致相同，但對電子資源收費使用的看法則有差異。

Electronic resources are very popular nowadays and many materials can be obtained via Internet. Facing the challenge of budget shrinkage, there are many discussion among librarians on the issue that whether access should replace ownership in developing library collections. Some librarians argue that electronic resources will substitute the print materials, and many materials will be published on demand. Therefore, the concept of ownership should be abandoned and it is the library's responsibility to help users to access to the materials when they need. University libraries in Taiwan are taking all efforts to promote the use of electronic resources. There are few appropriate collection development policies for electronic resources and the acquisition are not based on the investigations and the comparisions of the viewpoints of university professors and university librarians as to the uses of electronic resources as well as the concept of access and ownership. The result indicates that both professors and librarians agree that electronic resources are important for teaching and research. The type of material is an important factor when to decide whether electronic format or printed format should be acquired. There are significant differences between professors and librarians about the concept of ownership and quantity of library holdings. Their thoughts concerning the strength and weakness of access and ownership are very similar. However, they do not share the same viewpoints about the fee-based service of electronic resources.

1990年代學術圖書館面對內部與外部環境的競爭壓力與革新趨勢，圖書館聯盟的觀念與需求又再度受重視。本文以美國OhioLINK聯盟做為個案研究對象，探討該聯盟之營運特質、合作服務議題、營運策略規劃及營運方式。藉此作為國內圖書館聯盟學術研究或實務營運規劃時的參考。

In the 1990s, academic librarieswere faced with pressure to compete and a tendency towards renovation. The concept and demands of library consortium once again received serious attention. The purpose of this research is to investigate the special characteristics of the operation of OhioLINK and their cooperative service issues, strategic planning, and modes of operation.

雖然我國大學圖書館已經具體推動若干館際合作業務、組成聯盟引進國外資料庫、建立文獻傳遞系統，但這些仍只是合作館藏發展之基礎工作而已。所謂合作館藏發展，必須是圖書館之間在館藏的建立及管理等方面有正式的協議，圖書館的館藏發展政策互為影響，而且保證彼此的館藏能夠互相依賴。本研究室以問卷調查法探討我國大學圖書館合作館藏發展之現況，以及對於合作館藏發展、合作採訪電子資源、合作館藏發展之規劃的看法。

University libraries in Taiwan understand the significance of cooperative collection development and have already promoted some cooperation programs. But, in terms of cooperative collection development, to form consortia in order to import foreign electronic database, or , to establish document delivery systerm, are merely basic requirement. Libraries need to work out a formal cooperation program which ensures their collection development policies are interdependent. Questionnaire was used in this study to investigate the issuses concerning cooperative collection development of university libraries in Taiwan.

電子資源是大學圖書館館藏發展重點，其使用授權已成為不容忽視的挑戰及工作。本研究採用文獻探討法，探討國內外學者對此議題之觀點，並利用內容分析法，針對國際間發展的使用授權準則聲明及授權規範內容進行剖析，歸納出大學圖書館應關心的議題。依據研究結果提出八項建議：1. 圖書館應重視電子資源使用授權之重要性及館員培育，同時以團隊進行為宜；2. 國內圖書館應與國際聯盟組織保持良好互動；3. 圖書館應支持聯盟運作模式，並適時扮演意見提供者及協助授權評估者之角色並強化合作意願；4. 做好契約管理工作；5. 於紙本期刊採購同時，考慮電子期刊使用授權問題；6. 努力向供應商爭取合理使用、館際合作，以及放寬甚至取消紙本期刊刪訂限制；7. 加強讀者遵守使用規範概念，避免違規情事發生，以及8. 圖書館應向資訊供應商爭取契約中文譯本，作為輔助參考等。

Providing information in digital format to users becomes a major trend for libraries. For most libraries today, licensing electronic resources is a critical issue and challenge. This study reviews different aspects of strategic and practical considerations for licensing issues. It considers the key concerns for university libraries by analyzing the statements of licensing principles and model licenses developed by international library associations.
This study also offers the following suggestions:
1. License agreement negotiation training is required for librarians.
2. Library consortia in Taiwan should try to keep interaction with international library organizations.
3. Libraries in Taiwan should support national consortia by providing opinions and evaluating the license agreement to strengthen the cooperation.
4. Manage all license agreements effectively.
5. Consider the access and licensing of electronic journals when subscribing their printed format.
6. Try to retain the rights for fair use, interlibrary loan and exclude the non-cancellation clause from the contract or agreement.
7. Inform users of the restrictions and their obligations in using these digital resources.
8. Ask the information provider for a Chinese translation of agreement for reference.

在網路化和數位化浪潮的推波助瀾之下，學術傳播的模式與數位出版的發展有許多改變，大學圖書館必須同時扮演傳統圖書館與數位圖書館的雙重角色，並且均衡處理實體和虛擬館藏的佈局。因此，如何走出重重困境，創造圖書館的新氣象，考驗著圖書館員的智慧。本文由學術傳播、公開取用、機構典藏等面向對館藏發展的衝擊，探討數位時代館藏發展的新挑戰。最後提出關注學術傳播的變遷、形塑電子館藏管理的新觀點、邁入館藏內容管理的新思維、促進校園知識管理的整合、置身於數位化學術出版的一環、重視資訊取用系統的便利性、培育圖書館員的新技能以及強化圖書資訊學的課程等建議，供同道參考。

The changing nature of scholarly communication and electronic publishing greatly challenge the library collection development in an electronic age. As a result Academic libraries need to integrate printed material and virtual collection. This paper aims at tracing the influence and the forces affecting the production, dissemination, and use of scholarly and scientific information. After discussing the movement of Open Access and Institutional Repositovative, creative, and affordable ways of sharing scholarly findings and tries to build common understandings of the challenges presented by electronic scholarly communication and to generate strategies for transforming the collection development.