學術圖書館

矽谷典例─美國加州聖荷西聯合共同使用圖書館乃孕育終身學習之搖籃，此學術和公立聯合使用圖書館提供串聯性整體服務，學術和公立圖書館員天衣無縫得肩併肩，為使用者打造終身學習之基。

The San Jose joint library in California, USA provides a powerful bonded site to deliver services for lifelong learning. Academics and public librarians work side by side seamlessly, helping users from the general community as well as from the university campus to meet their learning objectives with this state-of-the-art facility.

圖書館評鑑是行政與管理程序中重要步驟之一。然而，績效評估在學術圖書館之施行，因理論抽象和步驟繁瑣而推行不易；因此本文介紹三本學術圖書館績效評估之實用手冊，作為學術圖書館實施績效評估之參考。

Library evaluation is very important in the administrative and management process of a library. But due to the abstract in theory and complexity in practice, the academic library is very difficult to implement it. This paper introduces three books to be used as working manuals to implement the performance measurement in academic libraries.

以知識作為資本來發展經濟的時代裡，延伸資訊管理為知識管理並且把知識轉換為生產力的機制，是學術圖書館的專業職責。學術圖書館服務行銷理念的實踐應由內而外，圖書館管理者與館員對學術圖書館的核心價值與願景(促進館務，整合資源，與服務社會等)先建立共識。學術圖書館要做好服務的行銷，前提是先做好質與量的圖書館管理，且由上而下，明確任務，先行規劃，制定策略。學術圖書館資訊服務行銷組合運作前，應先研究及瞭解資訊消費者與資訊市場產銷狀況，亦即先做市場研究、消費者研究、與服務環境的研究，以便為學術圖書館資訊消費者提供適時、適地、適當，且符合經濟效益的資訊服務。學術圖書館資訊服務應「以客為尊」，著重於資訊消費者的個人化及個別化要求，資訊服務的實施更應有團隊精神以落實服務行銷理念。

In an era of knowledge economy, the major task for academic library is to transfer knowledge management and expand information management. Academic libraries should consider promoting library services, integrating resources as well as providing services for the society as their core-value and vision. To achieve this, the author suggests that a well-planned library management based on the findings from their market research and consumer research is essential. Thus, while the marketing of the library services is executed by a top-down approach, a team effort, the service offered by the academic library should be individualized information needs.

對於學術圖書館而言，文獻傳遞服務的重要性不可言喻。由於科技的演進，使得使用文獻傳遞服務愈來愈方便，不但服務型態、方式多樣，也衍生出著作權問題。

Document delivery service has become extremely popular and important, especially for academic libraries. The rapid development of modern technology has made document delivery much more convenient than ever, with various service types, but problems of copyright also arise.

本文主要探討組織文化的意義與發展、分析圖書資訊學界以組織文化為研究主題之相關文獻，並以四篇探究學術圖書館組織文化之博士論文為例，指出中西方學術圖書館組織文化之共同點。

This paper investigates the definition of organizational culture and how it has been developed with reference to four dissertations that focus on academic library organizational culture. An attempt will be made to point out the similarity between American and Taiwanese academic library cultures.

遠距教育改變了高等教育的形態，遠距學習者在茫茫網路大海中探索，亟需圖書館服務。但受限於網路環境與學習型態，圖書館對於遠端使用者很難提供與對校園師生相同服務。因此，美國學院與研究圖書館學會(ACRL)多年倡導遠距學習圖書館服務的觀念，屢次研訂相關指南，以及進行全國大學圖書館遠距學習服務調查。本文旨在研究美國大學遠距學習圖書館服務的理念與經營；首先，探討大學遠距教育的發展，並瞭解遠距學習社群的特色與需求；其次，析述遠距學習圖書館服務的意涵與要件；復次，以美國三所大學圖書館個案說明遠距學習圖書館服務模式。最後，他山之石可攻錯，藉重美國遠距學習圖書館服務成果對我國未來發展提出建言。

Distance education has been a major force in shaping higher education. As distance learners need strong learner support systems outside classroom time, the methods of providing two-way communication such as counselling, coaching, and library services have been developed. This article mainly discusses the development of distance learning library services of higher education in the U.S.A. It studies the philosophy and components of the distance learning library services with a detailed introduction of ACRL's Guidelines. Finally, it reviews the current status of distance learning services in American universities libraries as well as three case studies with detailed descriptions.

知識管理是新世紀的主要議題，知識工作者則是主導了知識經濟的發展。圖書館身為提供資訊與知識的供應者，亦開始接受知識管理概念，並利用知識管理系統，來為使用者提供更好的服務。本文首先釐清知識、知識管理的概念，並討論何謂知識管理系統，分別探討其定義及應具備的功能；最後舉美國Rutgers大學圖書館之知識管理系統CKDB為例，說明知識管理系統於學術圖書館運作的現況。

Knowledge management is an important issue in this new century and knowledge worker plays a leading role in the development of knowledge economy. Library, the provider of information and knowledge, uses the concept of knowledge management and knowledge management system in order to offer better services for its users. This article first defines the terms of knowledge, knowledge management, and knowledge management system (KMS) and then introduces the KMS and CKDB systems in Rutgers University as an example to illustrate the operation of KMS in academic libraries.

在網路化和數位化浪潮的推波助瀾之下，學術傳播的模式與數位出版的發展有許多改變，大學圖書館必須同時扮演傳統圖書館與數位圖書館的雙重角色，並且均衡處理實體和虛擬館藏的佈局。因此，如何走出重重困境，創造圖書館的新氣象，考驗著圖書館員的智慧。本文由學術傳播、公開取用、機構典藏等面向對館藏發展的衝擊，探討數位時代館藏發展的新挑戰。最後提出關注學術傳播的變遷、形塑電子館藏管理的新觀點、邁入館藏內容管理的新思維、促進校園知識管理的整合、置身於數位化學術出版的一環、重視資訊取用系統的便利性、培育圖書館員的新技能以及強化圖書資訊學的課程等建議，供同道參考。

The changing nature of scholarly communication and electronic publishing greatly challenge the library collection development in an electronic age. As a result Academic libraries need to integrate printed material and virtual collection. This paper aims at tracing the influence and the forces affecting the production, dissemination, and use of scholarly and scientific information. After discussing the movement of Open Access and Institutional Repositovative, creative, and affordable ways of sharing scholarly findings and tries to build common understandings of the challenges presented by electronic scholarly communication and to generate strategies for transforming the collection development.

近年來由於電子出版的興起，使得電子資源對學術圖書館的館藏發展造成極大的挑戰，當圖書館面臨這些新型態的資源時，應該如何加以選擇並將其整合到現有的館藏當中？又該如何提供服務？其中牽涉到採訪、組織整理與相關服務政策的修改，工作流程的變動，人員的配置與教育訓練，以及組織架構的調整。其中又以組織的調整最為重要，因為組織架構可事先將人員與資源做最好的分配與調度，使計畫得以成功並提供協調的機制。本文即在探討學術圖書館引進電子資源之後，對組織所造成的影響，同時舉例說明若干學術圖書館在面臨電子資源的衝擊時，如何調整其組織架構與人員配置，希藉此吸取相關經驗，提供國內學術圖書館參考。

With the increase of electronic publications, electronic re- sources make a tremendous challenge to the collection development of academic libraries. How do libraries select these resources and incorporate them into the existing collection while offering services with such a brand-new type of resource? Things involved here include the amendment of acquisitions, information organizations and related service policies, the modification of work flow, the arrangement and training of personnel as well as the adjustment of the organizational structure. The adjustment of organizational structure is the most important item among these changes. The purpose of this paper is to explore the possible impact on library organization after the introduction of electronic resources to academic libraries. Experiences gathered from certain libraries on how they reorganized the administration structure had been provided as examples.