Vol.1 No.2

本文主要在探討大學圖書館應如何來自我調整，以適應新一代電腦科技的衝擊，此波由 World Wide Web、NII、和電子圖書館三者所帶來的新科技，在不久的將來，會重新塑造圖書館的運作方式，而首當其衝者，正是扮演大學資料中心的大學圖書館·在本文中，作者針對圖書館未來的走向，在組織變革、人員訓練、和作業方式等三方面，提出個人的建議·在組織變革方面，主張粗分式架構，分為資料處理組、資訊諮詢組、和技術支援組等三個組·在人員的養成和訓練方面，主張在學校教育中，引進一系列的電腦核心課程，同時大學圖書館也應研討出一套計劃和課程來協助館員，透過在職訓練，學習新的作業技能·在圖書館的運作上，提出未來的五個作業模式︰資料處理一元化、館藏虛擬化、流通電子化和自動化、參考工作專門化、和作業網路化·

This paper discusses how university libraries should adjust themselves to the impact of the new information technologies such as the World Wide Web the National Information Infrastructure and the Digital Library. These new information technologies will drastically reform university library operations and services in the near future. In order to take advantage of these new technologies the author believes university libraries should address themselves to three main aspects: organization librarian training and operations. In this paper several suggestions are proposed in this work in each of these three aspects.

圖書館應用網際網路提供參考服務乃時勢所趨，圖書館必須改變參考服務的方式與態度，發展新的資訊服務項目及提昇服務的品質，以滿足使用者真正的資訊需求·國外已有許多文獻探討網際網路於參考服務的應用和影響，但是我國則甚少專門探討該課題的文獻，致使網際網路應用於我國圖書館參考服務的情形如何，不得而知·因而引發筆者的研究動機，以瞭解目前我國大學校院圖書館參考服務應用網際網路的情形，期能進一步提出建議，作為我國大學校院圖書館利用網際網路提供參考服務與拓展資訊服務之參考.

Nowadays it is a trend for libraries to provide reference services through the Internet. Libraries have to change the way of and the attitude toward reference service to develop new information services and to upgrade the quality of services. There are lots of documents dealing with the influence of reference service on the Internet. In Taiwan however there are few documents discussing this issue. Thus we do not know much about how the Internet is used to provide reference services in the libraries in Taiwan. This article is intended to research the conditions under which the Internet is being used in providing reference services in the libraries in Taiwan. Furthermore the author also provides some suggestions for the university and college libraries in Taiwan to adequately provide reference services via the Internet and to promote information services.

邇來組織重建在企業界蔚為風尚，圖書館事業踵隨其後也引介組織重建策略以協助進行有計劃變革，本文作者以三國時代典故透過個案解析藉資描述公立大學圖書館組織重建可能面臨的諸問題，俾供業界同道參考。

It has become a fancy for enterprises to reengineer their organizations. For this reason library professionals follow suit. This paper introduces the strategies of organizational reengineering to help the planned organizational change. The author uses an ancient story in the period of the three Kingdoms to analyze and illuminate the possible problems that national university libraries may encounter while doing their reengineering work for the reference of library professionals.

圖書館自動化系統藉由電腦將採訪、編目、期刊管理、流通與公共目錄作業整合，對於原來人工作業型態產生很大的衝擊，因之，許多圖書館發現傳統的組織結構與作業流程已不合適·1990年代以來，網際網路與電子圖書館的發展對圖書館帶來更大的挑戰·本文旨在探討大學圖書館技術服務組織重整的問題，首先檢視大學圖書館技術服務組織相關理論；其次，探究現代大學圖書館面臨的資訊科技、管理革命、與圖書館營運的課題，以了解其組織改變的背景；復次，就美國十所大學圖書館技術服務重組個案進行分析，並歸納其重組的原因與方式；最後論述我國大學圖書館技術服務的現況與問題，並提出建議·

Many university libraries have installed integrated library automation systems since 1980. As library automation has brought a lot of changes traditional library organizations and procedures don't meet the needs of libraries. Many university libraries undertake reorganization of technical services. This paper mainly discusses the reorganization of technical services in university libraries. First fundamental theories on library organization are reviewed. Second six important issues which modern university libraries face are explored. Third ten examples of reorganization of technical services in American university libraries are given detailed description. Fourth the present organizations and problems of technical services in Taiwan university libraries are reported. Finally the paper arrives at conclusions and makes suggestions.

由於新科技的衝擊與大學法的修訂，國內大學圖書館在工作流程與組織架構上，有了顯著的變革·除了技術層面的工作流程與組織架構外，屬於人性層面的組織文化，亦是組織變革時不可忽視的議題·本文主要從組織文化的觀點，來探討大學圖書館的組織變革·文中，首先介紹組織文化的意義與內涵·接著，討論組織的管理領導者與組織文化的關係·最後，對於大學圖書館在組織變革時，提出四點與組織文化相關的議題︰考慮組織文化的契合、注意組織文化變化的落差、強化領導者的溝通能力、及建立變革的組織文化·

Due to the impact of new technologies and the modification of the University Law the working process and organizational structure of university libraries have being changed significantly. Considerations of the organizational changes should include two entwined aspects the technical and the cultural. This paper examines the organizational change from the aspect of organizational culture. First the definition and scope of organizational culture are discussed. Second the relationship of leadership and organizational culture is proposed. Finally the author raises four issues on organizational change from the organizational culture perspectives: 1. the cultural fitness 2. the organizational change gap 3. The communication skill of leadership and 4. the ever changing organizational culture.

「再生工程」是利用現代化資訊科技而根本的重新設計企業流程，以達戲劇性的增進其效能·人力資源發展則是透過對於員工能力的提高與協助，而期有效率、有效果地成就組織目標·由於再生工程可能改變員工的生活型態與工作處境，故本研究主要乃在結合人力資源發展的相關理論，以提供大學圖書館在面臨再生工程時規劃人力資源發展的參考·

Reengineering means using modern information technology to redesign the business process radically in order to achieve dramatic improvements in performance. Human resource development means helping employees to enhance their abilities in order to achieve the organizational goals efficiently and effectively. Because the process of reengineering may change our life style and working situation this paper intends to combine some of the relative theories on human resource development and provide suggestions to university libraries undergoing the process of reengineering.

本文以Dialog系統之書目資料庫為檢索系統，檢索者的來源則為本身具有資訊需求的國立臺灣大學教職員生·本文擬對線上資訊尋求行為進行系統化的分析，其目的在探討檢索者線上檢索時之錯誤行為及其發生位置，分析零筆資料的原因，了解時間經驗對錯誤行為的影響，並比較中美終端使用者線上資訊尋求行為之異同·

The purpose of this article is to analyze the searching behavior of end users.　　　　The subjects are real end users from National Taiwan University. This article　　　uses the DIALOG command language as its searching tool. It attempts to 　　　　investigate reasons for errors and location of errors. In addition it tries to　　　　identify reasons for zero posting and compare the behavior difference 　　　between Chinese and American end users.

本文探討在資訊時代大學圖書館與電算中心兩者之間的關係·主要針對美國地區1980年代開始面臨此問題時，如何因應，文獻探討以此地區為主·本文探討之主題包括︰1.大學圖書館之任務與特色；2.電算中心之任務與特色；3.大學圖書館與電算中心之比較，分為︰(1)人員，(2)經費，(3)服務倫理，與(4)學校地位四個項目；4.大學圖書館與電算中心之關係，區分為三種關係，即︰(1)疏遠的關係，(2)合併的關係，與(3)合作的關係。

This paper discusses the relationship between university libraries and computer centers in the information age. Since 1980 this issue was popularly discussed in the United States so the literature reviews are mainly focused in that country. Four topics are described in this paper: 1. the missions and characteristics of university libraries; 2. the missions and characteristics of computer centers; 3. the comparison between university libraries and computer centers in which 4 items are compared i.e. (1) staff, (2) budget, (3) service ethic, and (4) status in the university;and 4. In the relationship between university libraries and computer centers 3 relations are discussed, i.e. (1) estranged relations, (2) merged relations and (3) partnership relations.