Vol.1 No.1

自1975年以降，整個世界無論東、西方皆已逐漸邁向資訊社會。多數學者咸認資訊已然成為國家的資源之一，而與能源、物質三者共同決定我們的生活品質。對於圖書館來說，由於使用者對於生活與知識的需求在廣度與深度方面都有極明顯的增強趨勢，因此如何訂定一個國家的圖書與資訊服務政策，將全國的資源視為一個整體，結合政府單位及私人企業共同研商，並透過立法及財務上的支援，使現存的服務加深、加廣、統籌規劃以避免不必要的重複與浪費，可說是十分重要。本文擬透過馬來西亞的國家圖書館與資訊服務政策及中國圖書館學會所提出之我國二十一世紀圖書館發展新指標做一比較研究，期能了解兩國政策之研訂經過、基本原則與目標、包括要項及條文內容等，盼能從中取人之長補己之短，做為我國未來訂定國家圖書與資訊服務政策之參考。

Since 1975 the whole world, both eastern and western, has gradually become an information society. Most scholars nowadays consider information as one of the resources of a nation. Information, together with energy and matter, are the three basic factors of determining the quality of our life. As far as libraries are concerned, as their users have been increasing needs for life and knowledge extensively and profoundly, to establish a national policy for library and information services is very important. This policy should view the information resources within a nation as a whole that combines the counsel from government agencies and private enterprises as well as getting legal and financial support in order to extend, deepen current services and prevent any repeat or waste of services. This article compares the national policy for library and information services in Malaysia with the New Direction for Library Development in 21st Century, which is established by Chinese Library Association, in expectation of understanding the establishing processes, basic principles and objectives, subjects covered, and the contents of both policies.

由於資訊與科技的快速成長，圖書館間必需透過合作編目的方式，才能以兼具精確詳實與成本效益的方式來做好編目工作，進而提供讀者一種完整性的書目檢索。書目供應中心的興起與書目網路的發展，不但改變了美國圖書館在各項業務上的運作，同時對於合作編目也有著深遠的影響。本文乃對此加以探討，首先研析合作編目的基本理念與功能，進而探討書目供應中心與書目網路對於美國圖書館進行合作編目所產生的影響與值得注意的問題，最後並提供解決問題的可行方法。

Owing to the increased amount of information and the rapid development of technologies, libraries need to work together to catalog precisely and cost-effectively. Cooperative cataloging is the only way that can be used to achieve it. Nowadays, bibliographic utilities and networks have deeply influenced the operations of libraries in the United States, and the methods of cooperative cataloging as well. In the very beginning, this article studies the basic concepts and functions of cooperative cataloging, then presents the effects and problems that bibliographic utilities and networks have caused. At the end of this article, some active solutions are offered to solve these problems.

圖書館學與資訊科學教育在資訊時代愈顯重要了，因為它對圖書館事業的影響是顯而易見的。本文主要在比較我國(臺灣地區)與印度之圖書館學與資訊科學教育，全文分為四大部份，包括：1.緒言，描述研究動機和研究方法； 2.我國與印度圖書館學與資訊科學教育發展之介紹；3.我國與印度圖書館學與資訊科學教育之比較；4.結論與建議。

The Education of Library and information science is more important in information age, for its impact to librarianship is evident. This paper mainly compares the library and information science education between Taiwan and India. Four aspects are discussed: 1.introduction, describing research motivation and research method; 2.introduction of the development of the library and information science education in Taiwan and India; 3.comparsion of library science and information science education between Taiwan and India; and 4.conclusion and recommendation.

圖書資料及服務費用上漲、圖書經費緊縮、新科技的影響是大學圖書館目前及未來不可避免必須面臨的挑戰。雖然大學圖書館與校園裡的教學、研究活動密切相關，大學教授對圖書館員的認知卻不夠清楚，過於強調新科技可能會使教授認為圖書館員是技術人員。本文探討大學圖書館員在圖書資訊蒐集、組織、利用指導及推廣方面所扮演的角色，並建議大學圖書館員應加強在職訓練，加強與讀者的溝通，並重視研究。

Academic libraries are facing continuing challenges from rising costs of materials and services, shrinking budgets, and the impact of new technologies. Although libraries are closely connected with teaching and research activities on campus, the role of academic librarian is not clearly understood by the faculty. This paper examines what academic librarians should do in the three areas of performance: acquisition, organization and interpretation of information, and user instruction and extension services. The author suggests that the academic librarian should recognize the importance of in-service training, communication skills, and research.

由於社會信息結構變化、計算機網路普遍以及多媒體時代來臨，“信息社會”已成為社會發展之必然趨勢；同時，也對大學圖書館在資源建設、信息提供、用戶服務、管理方式等層面均產生巨大衝擊。本文主要以二十一世紀大學圖書館所具備之特徵，說明其應有之智能化、信息社會化、現代化及數位化等功能，並指出其未來在行政管理、資源建設、自動化發展和館員素質等方面都將面臨挑戰。

With the change of information structure, the popularity of computer networks, and the advent of multimedia age, “information society” has led a tendency for social development; in the meantime, is also making dramatic waves of impact on collection development, information providing, user service, and management for academic libraries. This article mainly intends to address four functions of academic libraries based on their characteristics in the 21th century, which are intelligent systemization, information socialization, modernization, and digitalization. Besides, the author points out future challenges in administrative management, collection development, automated systems, and staff qualifications should be confronted.

電子圖書館是當今資訊界熱烈討論的話題及共同努力的目標，然而相關的討論與努力大都以「科技」觀點出發，而少涉及電子圖書館的本質。本文旨在澄清一般人對電子圖書館的幾個錯誤觀點，說明館藏在電子圖書館的重要性，尤其期許蛻變中的大學圖書館，發展成為一具有館藏特色的「電子學術圖書館」，並說明電子館藏之發展政策及館藏維護相關問題。

Electronic libraries have been popular topics recently and their establishment is the goal of lot efforts. However most discussions and efforts are focused on technical respect and rarely ouch the essence of electronic libraries. The purpose of this article is to clarify some incorrect view points, to emphasize the importance of collections in electronic libraries and also to explain their collection development policy and related maintenance problems. Especially, we anticipate the changing university libraries to develop into “Electronic Academic Libraries”, with special features on their collections.

在電子科技的衝擊中，我們正思索圖書館未來的角色與定位，包括電子圖書館應提供什麼服務，內容的深度與廣度等關鍵性的問題。面對組織變革之際，我們極需一套有用的思考工具。本文主張行銷理論提供一個有力的思考架構，可幫助我們有系統地描繪圖書館未來的藍圖。行銷理論不只是一個觀念，更包含一套可行的技術與程序。不但公共圖書館應講究行銷，大學圖書館亦應運用行銷的理論與技術來提昇圖書館在師生心目中的地位，並確保圖書館提供的產品與服務是我們師生所需要與珍惜的。非營利事業之行銷乃為大勢所趨，本文就大學圖書館為什麼應有行銷的觀念，行銷的內涵是什麼，以及大學圖書館如何應用行銷分別探討。

This article discusses the major concepts of marketing as they are applied to library services in an academic community. It is argued that marketing is a powerful tool not only for a public library but also for an academic library. College and university libraries can benefit from practicing customer-oriented information services that is the centrality of marketing management.

隨著外在服務環境的變遷以及內部專業人力及經費之不足，大學圖書館為支援教學與研究所提供之參考服務在品質上逐漸遭受質疑，引發了學界及業界對資訊時代參考服務之重新省思。有鑑於此，本文首先對傳統參考服務之特色及優缺點加以探討，並介紹學者所提倡之「分化式參考服務模式」（Differentiated Reference Service Model），就其產生之背景、觀念之演進、服務之特色、及實施之優缺點詳加論述，並由美國幾所大學圖書館實施之現況分析其實際應用之可行性。結論指出，分化式參考服務模式對參考服務品質之提升確有助益，相當具有可行性，可作為資訊時代大學圖書館參考服務組織重整時之參考。

Three trends have pushed university libraries to modify the structure of reference service in recent years, which are budgetary stringency, reductions in staffing, and the change of reference environment. University libraries cannot but change the reference model in order to satisfy readers’ needs in information age. This article explores the problems of traditional reference service, introduces the differentiated reference model, including its background, progress, characteristics, advantages and disadvantages, and analyzes the feasibility of the model by the experience of several university libraries in the United States.

圖書館與電算中心合併的爭議，引發圖書館界不少的討論。本文試圖從關注焦點的不同，來區分圖書資訊學與電腦學門的差異。最後並從資訊科學先驅者的理念，與資訊科學的內涵二方面探討圖書資訊人員所應具備的知識與技能。

Recent debates about the merging of library and computing center have worried librarians very much. The above disciplines actually, have their different focuses on the studies of information. Based upon the differences, the author advocates that librarians should develop their distinct knowledge contents in order to differentiate the differences from computer science.